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鏇存柊鏅傞枔锛�2015-12-10 11:50:58 渚嗘簮锛氱挵(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍�

鐎忚

鏀惰棌

鎽樿 銆€銆€銆愭憳瑕併€戠挵(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍★細2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鍗冲皣闁嬪鍫卞悕锛岀洰鍓嶅倷鑰�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鐨勮€冪敓涔熷湪寰簭婕搁€�(j矛n)鐨勫京(f霉)缈�(x铆)涓�銆傚皪姝�锛岀挵(hu谩n)鐞冨皬绶ㄦ暣鐞嗕簡銆�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│銆婄悊宸ラ銆嬮柋璁€鍒ゆ柗妯℃摤瑭﹂鍖附銆嬶紝甯屾湜鍌欒€�2016骞�

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銆€銆€One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. Sagan was standing on the edge of one of the tanks where several of these friendly, highly intelligent creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back.(鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│銆婄悊宸ラ銆嬮柋璁€鍒ゆ柗妯℃摤瑭﹂绗簲濂�)

銆€銆€The dolphin wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water and made a sound just like the word "more". The astonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident. "Oh, yes. That's one of the words he knows," the director said, showing no surprise at all.

銆€銆€Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster and much further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a 'language', in the real sense of the word?

銆€銆€Scientists don't agree on this.(鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│銆婄悊宸ラ銆嬮柋璁€鍒ゆ柗妯℃摤瑭﹂绗簲濂�)

銆€銆€A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words. A language has a structure and what we call a grammar. The structure and grammar of a language help to give it meaning. For example, the two questions 'Who loves Mary?' and 'Who does Mary love?' mean very different things. If you stop to think about it, you will see that this difference doesn't come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure. That is why the question 'Can dolphins speak?' can't be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in a grammatical order which affects their meaning.

銆€銆€1 The astronomer was not interested in the way dolphins communicate with each other.

銆€銆€A Right

銆€銆€B Wrong

銆€銆€C Not mentioned

銆€銆€2 The dolphin leapt up into the air because Sagan was too near the water.

銆€銆€A Right

銆€銆€B Wrong

銆€銆€C Not mentioned

銆€銆€3 Parts of the dolphin's brain are particularly well developed to handle different kinds of sound.

銆€銆€A Right

銆€銆€B Wrong

銆€銆€C Not mentioned

銆€銆€4 Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans.

銆€銆€A Right

銆€銆€B Wrong

銆€銆€C Not mentioned

銆€銆€5 Dolphins travel faster in water than any other animals.

銆€銆€A Right

銆€銆€B Wrong

銆€銆€C Not mentioned

銆€銆€6 Some scientists believe that dolphins have a language of their own.

銆€銆€A Right

銆€銆€B Wrong

銆€銆€C Not mentioned

銆€銆€7 Sounds can be called a language only when they have a structure and a grammar.

銆€銆€A Right

銆€銆€B Wrong

銆€銆€C Not mentioned

銆€銆€銆愬弮鑰冪瓟妗堛€�1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A

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銆€銆€The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting, drawing, and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at thing before we learn to speak, so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Other computer pointing devices include light pens, graphics tablets and touch screen, but the mouse still our workhorse.

銆€銆€The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became popular and arrow keys were used to more around a body of text, it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse, with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983, really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks.(鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│銆婄悊宸ラ銆嬮柋璁€鍒ゆ柗妯℃摤瑭﹂绗簲濂�)

銆€銆€How does the mouse work? We have to start at the bottom, so think upside down for now. It all starts with mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad, it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light emitting diodes (LED) mounted on either side. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by, the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place. The LED detects a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern into an electronic signal, and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name. The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen.

銆€銆€So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used. One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up the dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.

銆€銆€1. Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works.