2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│銆婄悊宸ラ銆嬮柋璁€鍒ゆ柗妯℃摤瑭﹂绗洓濂�

鏇存柊鏅傞枔锛�2015-12-10 11:50:58 渚嗘簮锛氱挵(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍�

鐎忚

鏀惰棌

鎽樿 銆€銆€銆愭憳瑕併€戠挵(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍★細2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鍗冲皣闁嬪鍫卞悕锛岀洰鍓嶅倷鑰�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鐨勮€冪敓涔熷湪寰簭婕搁€�(j矛n)鐨勫京(f霉)缈�(x铆)涓�銆傚皪姝�锛岀挵(hu谩n)鐞冨皬绶ㄦ暣鐞嗕簡銆�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│銆婄悊宸ラ銆嬮柋璁€鍒ゆ柗妯℃摤瑭﹂鍖附銆�锛屽笇鏈涘倷鑰�2016骞�

銆€銆€銆愭憳瑕併€戠挵(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍★細2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鍗冲皣闁嬪鍫卞悕锛岀洰鍓嶅倷鑰�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鐨勮€冪敓涔熷湪寰簭婕搁€�(j矛n)鐨勫京(f霉)缈�(x铆)涓�銆傚皪姝�锛岀挵(hu谩n)鐞冨皬绶ㄦ暣鐞嗕簡銆�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│銆婄悊宸ラ銆嬮柋璁€鍒ゆ柗妯℃摤瑭﹂鍖附銆�锛屽笇鏈涘倷鑰�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鐨勮€冪敓閮借兘闋嗗埄閫氶棞(gu膩n)銆�

銆€銆€鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎺ㄨ枽锛�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│銆婄悊宸ラ銆嬮柋璁€鍒ゆ柗妯℃摤瑭﹂鍖附

銆€銆€A greenhouse is a building made of glass which is used for keeping plants warm when the outside temperature is low. In a similar way锛� there are several gases in the atmosphere which trap the heat generated by the sun and prevent it from escaping. These gases are known as "greenhouse gases"锛� and the way in which they trap heat in the atmosphere is called the "greenhouse effect". This is not simply air pollution like photochemical smog (鍏夊寲瀛�(xu茅)鐓欓湩)锛� for example. Most of the main greenhouse gases occur naturally in small amounts in our atmosphere锛� and without them the earth would be thirty degrees colder and human life would not exist. In other words锛� the greenhouse effect is a natural process which is to some extent beneficial to us.

銆€銆€The problem is that in the last century and a half锛� we have been putting excessive amounts of these gases into the earth's atmosphere by burning large quantities of coal and oil and by cutting down forests. In 1850锛� there were 280 parts per million of carbon dioxide (浜屾哀鍖栫⒊) in the atmosphere. Now there are 360锛� and this figure is expected to rise to 460 by the year 2030. We now put 24 billion metric (鍏埗鐨�) tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every year. We have also created a group of artificial greenhouse gases that are 20锛�000 times more effective than carbon dioxide in trapping heat in the atmosphere. These are the chlorofluorocarbon (姘熸隘纰�) gases锛� which are used in refrigerators and air conditioning systems.(鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│銆婄悊宸ラ銆嬮柋璁€鍒ゆ柗妯℃摤瑭﹂绗洓濂�)

銆€銆€The rapid increase in greenhouse gases is making the world warmer. The world's temperature has already gone up by half a degree this century锛� and the sea level has risen by ten centimeters. If the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles锛� there will probably be a rise in the earth's temperature of between 1~ and 4~. This may seem a small increase锛� but it would be enough to cause major changes in geography and agriculture. Large areas of the world would be flooded锛� and some regions would become dry and unable to produce crops. It is important锛� too锛� to consider that there maybe a delay of about thirty years in the greenhouse effect. This means that we are probably experiencing only now the effect of the gases put into the atmosphere up to the 1960s. Since then锛� our use of these gases has greatly increased.

銆€銆€41 According to the passage锛� a greenhouse is built to

銆€銆€A keep the plants warm.

銆€銆€B prevent air pollution.

銆€銆€C stop the greenhouse effect.

銆€銆€D produce useful gases.

銆€銆€42 Without the greenhouse gases锛� the earth would

銆€銆€A become warmer.(鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│銆婄悊宸ラ銆嬮柋璁€鍒ゆ柗妯℃摤瑭﹂绗洓濂�)

銆€銆€B be much colder.

銆€銆€C move more slowly.

銆€銆€D move quickly.

銆€銆€43 A major cause of the increase in the greenhouse gases is

銆€銆€A the burning of trees and crops.

銆€銆€B the building of many greenhouses.

銆€銆€C the burning of large quantities Of coal and oil.

銆€銆€D the flooding of large areas of the world.

銆€銆€44 According to the passage锛� chlorofluorocarbon gases differ from carbon dioxide in that

銆€銆€A they are more useful.

銆€銆€B they are much heavier.

銆€銆€C they are more efficient in making the' world colder.

銆€銆€D they are more effective in catching the heat from the sun.

銆€銆€45 A small increase in the earth's temperature may bring about

銆€銆€A a decline in agriculture.

銆€銆€B a drop of the sea level.

銆€銆€C the death of all animals.

銆€銆€D a delay in the greenhouse effect.

銆€銆€銆愬弮鑰冪瓟妗堛€�

銆€銆€41. A銆€銆€42. B銆€銆€43. C銆€銆€44. D銆€銆€45. A

銆€銆€2016鑱风ū鑻辫獮鑰冭│銆婄稖鍚堥銆嬭€冮粸瑭炲尟鍖附

銆€銆€2016鑱风ū鑻辫獮銆婄稖鍚堥銆嬭獮娉曡€冮粸鍖附
 銆€銆€銆愬倷鑰冪稉(j墨ng)椹椼€�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶鍖鎲舵妧宸у尟绺�

銆€銆€2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│缍滃悎椤炶紨灏�(d菐o)璩囨枡鍖附
 2016骞村悇鐪佽伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鍫卞悕鏅傞枔鍙婂叆鍙�
銆€銆€鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍″弸鎯呮彁绀猴細濡傛灉鎮ㄥ湪姝ら亷绋嬩腑閬囧埌浠讳綍鐤戝晱锛岃珛鐧婚寗鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍�鑱风ū鑻辫獮闋婚亾鍙�璜栧锛屾垜鍊戦毃鏅傝垏寤ｅぇ鑰冪敓鏈嬪弸鍊戜竴璧蜂氦娴�!

銆€銆€銆愭憳瑕併€戠挵(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍★細2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鍗冲皣闁嬪鍫卞悕锛岀洰鍓嶅倷鑰�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鐨勮€冪敓涔熷湪寰簭婕搁€�(j矛n)鐨勫京(f霉)缈�(x铆)涓�銆傚皪姝わ紝鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冨皬绶ㄦ暣鐞嗕簡銆�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│銆婄悊宸ラ銆嬮柋璁€鍒ゆ柗妯℃摤瑭﹂鍖附銆�锛屽笇鏈涘倷鑰�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鐨勮€冪敓閮借兘闋嗗埄閫氶棞(gu膩n)銆�

銆€銆€鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎺ㄨ枽锛�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│銆婄悊宸ラ銆嬮柋璁€鍒ゆ柗妯℃摤瑭﹂鍖附

銆€銆€Do people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed? The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics 'boffin' (绉戝(xu茅)瀹�)still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects. 98 percent of those asked got it wrong. The majority of people picked a white male of around 60, wearing glasses and with a white beard.

銆€銆€While this stereotype may have been the image of an average physicist fifty years ago, the reality is now very different. Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31.(鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│銆婄悊宸ラ銆嬮柋璁€鍒ゆ柗妯℃摤瑭﹂绗洓濂�)

銆€銆€The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations(绛夊紡)or working with fizzing (鍢跺樁闊�)test tubes. These stereotypes are really damaging to society. Very good school children are put off studying science because they don't see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing science. They simply don't relate to the media's image of the mad scientist.

銆€銆€This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university. If we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects, we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive. But we must also develop children's interest in science.

銆€銆€In an attempt to change this negative image, an increasing number of science festivals are being organized. Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in nationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national science Olympiads. Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International Science Olympiads which are held in a different country every year. These events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in science. It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design.

銆€銆€1 Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like.

銆€銆€A Right

銆€銆€B Wrong

銆€銆€C Not mentioned

銆€銆€2 The majority of physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduates

銆€銆€A Right

銆€銆€B Wrong

銆€銆€C Not mentioned

銆€銆€3 The media and the cinema have played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist.

銆€銆€A Right

銆€銆€B Wrong

銆€銆€C Not mentioned