銆€銆€1. Have you ever stopped to think銆€how your life would change if the world ran out of oil? Take a look at your day.銆€The roof of your home is probably made waterproof by an oil product, bitumen.銆€The same product is used for the road surface outside your home. Before you銆€leave to go to work or school, just examine your surroundings. Is the room銆€warmer than the cold air outside? Oil, or electricity from oil-fed generators銆€may be keeping you comfortably warm. If you are comfortably cool in a tropical銆€climate, your air conditioning unit may also depend on oil-fed銆€generators.

銆€銆€1銆佷綘鏇炬兂閬�(gu貌)娌�(m茅i)鏈夛紝濡傛灉涓栫晫涓婄敤鐩′簡鐭虫补锛屼綘鐨勭敓娲绘渻(hu矛)鐧�(f膩)鐢熶粈涔堟ǎ璁婂寲鍛紵璜�(q菒ng)鐪嬩竴鐪嬩綘鐨勬棩甯哥敓娲�銆備綘瀹剁殑灞嬮爞鍙兘鏄敤涓€绋彨鐎濋潚鐨勭煶娌圭敘(ch菐n)鍝佸仛鎴愰槻姘寸殑銆傜€濋潚鍚屾ǎ鍙敤渚�(l谩i)閶綘瀹跺闈㈢殑璺潰銆傚湪浣犻洟瀹跺幓涓婄彮鎴栦笂瀛�(xu茅)涔嬪墠锛岃珛(q菒ng)瑙€瀵熶竴涓嬩綘鍛ㄥ湇鐨勭挵(hu谩n)澧�銆傛埧闁撻噷鏈�(hu矛)姣斿闈㈠喎绌烘埃鏆栧拰鍡�锛熼€欐槸鐭虫补鎴栫敱鐕冩补鐧�(f膩)闆绘(j墨)鐧�(f膩)鍑轰締(l谩i)鐨勯浕浣夸綘鎰熷埌鑸掗仼婧殩銆傚鏋滀綘鍦ㄧ値鐔辩殑姘ｅ€欓噷鎰熷埌鑸掗仼娑肩埥锛岄偅涔堜綘瀹剁殑绌鸿(di脿o)鍣ㄥ彲鑳戒篃鏄潬鐕冩补鐧�(f膩)闆绘(j墨)宸ヤ綔鐨�銆�

銆€銆€2.銆€In the kitchen and the bathroom you will probably see some plastic fittings such銆€as tiles and working surfaces; polystyrene cups; curtains made from synthetic銆€materials; disinfectants and detergents. All owe their origin to the oil known銆€as petroleum 锛圠atin/Greek 'petra', rock, and Latin 'oleum', oil锛�, found deep in銆€the earth. Look inside the medicine cupboard for more petroleum products,銆€medical paraffin and petroleum jelly. Cosmetics such as face creams, lipsticks銆€and hair preparations are often based on銆€petroleum.

銆€銆€2銆佸湪寤氭埧鍜屾荡瀹ら噷浣犲彲鑳界湅鍒颁竴浜涘鏂欏櫒鍏�锛屽濉戞枡鍦版澘鍜屽鏂欐搷浣滆嚭(t谩i)闈€€佽仛鑻箼鐑澂瀛�銆佸悎鎴愭潗鏂欑殑娴寸熬銆佹秷姣掑姂鍜屽幓姹″姂銆傛墍鏈夐€欎簺閮芥槸渚�(l谩i)鑷ū鐐衡€淧etroleum鈥濈殑鐭虫补?锛佺櫃etroleum鈥濓紙鐭虫补锛夋槸锛堢敱鎷変竵鎴栧笇鑷樻枃"petro"锛堝窎鐭筹級鍜屾媺涓佹枃"oleum"锛堟补锛夌祫鎴愶級锛屾繁鍩嬪湪鍦颁笅銆傚悜钘ュ粴閲岀湅鐪�锛屼綘鍙互鎵惧埌鏇村鐨勭煶娌圭敘(ch菐n)鍝�锛屽钘ョ敤鐭宠牊鍜屽嚒澹灄?锛涚槚y鍝佸闆姳鑶�銆佸攪鑶�銆佹礂鐧�(f膩)鍔戠瓑锛屽父鐢ㄧ煶娌逛綔鐐哄熀鏈師鏂�銆�

銆€銆€3.銆€When you're out, notice the fields and gardens. Fertilizers and insecticides銆€made from petroleum can improve crop production. Recently protein feeds for銆€animals have been developed by growing yeast in a petroleum based stock. As you銆€head for your bus, train or car, all of which use petroleum products in the form銆€of fuel to move them and lubricants to keep them in working order, take a look銆€in the mirror. What are you wearing today? A polyester shirt or dress, nylon銆€socks or stockings, and acrylic sweater-a raincoat of PVC 锛坧olyvinyl chloride锛�?銆€All of these are based on petroleum銆€products.

銆€銆€3銆佺暥(d膩ng)澶栧嚭鏅�(sh铆)浣犳渻(hu矛)鐪嬪埌杈�(n贸ng)鐢板拰鑺卞湌?锛涱嚞灞庤湆鈶緓鍔戞槸鐢辩煶娌瑰埗鍙栫殑锛屽彲浠ヤ娇杈�(n贸ng)浣滅墿澧炵敘(ch菐n)銆傛渶杩戝凡缍�(j墨ng)鐮斿埗鍑轰竴绋嫊(d貌ng)鐗╅鐢ㄧ殑铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)椋兼枡锛屽畠鏄敤鐭虫补浣滅偤鍩烘湰鍘熸枡鍔犱笂閰垫瘝鑰屽埗鎴愮殑銆傚叕鍏辨苯杌娿€佽波杌婃垨灏忚綆杌�锛岄兘鏄潬鐭虫补鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佷綔鐕冩枡闁嬪嫊(d貌ng)鐨勶紝鐢ㄦ饯(r霉n)婊戞补淇濇寔閫欎簺杌婅紱姝ｅ父宸ヤ綔銆傜暥(d膩ng)浣犲幓涔樿粖涔嬪墠瑕佺収涓€鐓ч彙瀛�?锛熺函鍞囪榻戔敠瑁佸寙璺拋鑼复鑵旑嚨w鏈嶈锛堣ク琛倓鏄濂楋級锛屾槸灏奸緧瑗紙鐭オ閭勬槸闀�(zh菐ng)瑗級锛屾櫞缍告瘺琛ｉ倓鏄鏂欓洦琛�锛熻€屾墍鏈夐€欎簺閮芥槸鐢ㄧ煶娌圭敘(ch菐n)鍝佷綔鍘熸枡鐨勩€�

銆€銆€4.銆€Scientists predict that the world's known oil resources will run out early in銆€the next century. But long before then the world will have to decide on its銆€priorities. Can we afford to use so much of our limited petroleum supplies for銆€private motoring? Should airlines compete on similar routes allowing planes to銆€fly long distances with empty passenger seats? What alternative energy resources銆€can be銆€developed?

銆€銆€4銆佺瀛�(xu茅)瀹堕爯(y霉)瑷€涓栫晫涓婂凡鎺㈡槑鐨勭煶娌硅硣婧愬皣鍦ㄤ笅鍊�(g猫)涓栫磤(j矛)鍒濈敤鐩°€備絾閬�(yu菐n)鍦ㄩ偅鏅�(sh铆)鍊欎互鍓�锛屼笘鐣屽氨蹇呴爤纰哄畾鐭虫补鏄劒(y艒u)鍏堣€冩叜鎺у埗浣跨敤鐨勭墿璩囥€傜煶娌瑰劜(ch菙)閲忔棦鐒舵湁闄�锛屾垜鍊戦倓鑳芥妸閭ｄ箞澶氱殑鐭虫补鐢ㄤ簬绉佷汉姹借粖鍡庯紵闆ｉ亾鑸┖鍏徃閭勬噳(y墨ng)瑭茬偤浜嗗湪椤炰技鐨勮埅绶氫笂绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鑰屽厑瑷变粬鍊戠殑瀹㈡(j墨)鏈夌┖搴х殑闀�(zh菐ng)閫旈琛屽棊锛熻兘闁嬬櫦(f膩)鍑轰粈涔堟ǎ鐨勬浛浠ｈ兘婧愬憿锛�

銆€銆€5. Again, at one time or another, you may have found that all such animals hear. Hunters know that birds are attracted by artificial calls, and fishermen emphasize that you should be as quiet锛堝師鏂噏uite锛� as possible if you don't want to go home empty handed. And if you ever hunted frogs in your childhood, you know how softly you had to tread! Moreover, it seems absurd that birds should sing and frogs croak, if they could not even hear their own voices.

銆€銆€5銆佹澶�锛屼綘鍙兘鏇剧稉(j墨ng)鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鎵€鏈夌殑閫欎簺鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╅兘鍦ㄨ伣銆傜嵉浜哄€戠煡閬撻偿椤炴渻(hu矛)琚汉閫犵殑鑱查煶鎵€鍚稿紩锛屾紒澶€戝墖寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)锛屽鏋滀綘涓嶆兂绌烘墜鑰屾鐨勮┍灏辫鐩″彲鑳界殑瀹夐潨銆傚鏋滀綘鍦ㄧ骞存姄閬�(gu貌)闈掕洐锛屼綘鎳�(y墨ng)瑭茬煡閬撹澶氫箞杓曟煍鍦拌蛋鍕�(d貌ng)銆傝(shu艒)瀵�(sh铆)鍦�锛岄潚铔欏湪鍙紝槌ュ厭鍦ㄥ敱锛屽鏋滃畠鍊戠敋鑷宠伣涓嶅埌鑷繁鐧�(f膩)鍑虹殑鑱查煶锛岃眻涓嶈崚璎�銆�

銆€銆€6. By direct observations and many experiments, biologists have discovered that practically all animals have some sense of hearing or vibration. Earthworms feel vibrations in the soil, fish can be trained to respond to certain tones, male mosquitoes are attracted by the sound of the female, and frogs will respond to a tape recording of their own voices.

銆€銆€6銆侀€氶亷(gu貌)鐩存帴瑙€瀵熷拰瑷卞瑭﹂(y脿n)锛岀敓鐗╁(xu茅)瀹跺凡缍�(j墨ng)鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屽(sh铆)闅涗笂鎵€鏈夌殑鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╅兘鍏锋湁鏌愮ó鑱借(ju茅)鎴栨尟鍕�(d貌ng)鎰�銆傝毌铓撳湪鍦熷￥閲岃兘鎰熻(ju茅)闇囧嫊(d貌ng)锛岄瓪椤炲彲浠ヨ〒(x霉n)绶寸殑灏�(du矛)鐗瑰畾鐨勯煶瑾�(di脿o)鏈夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄泟鎬ц殜瀛愬彲浠ヨ闆屾€ц殜瀛愮殑鑱查煶鎵€鍚稿紩锛岄潚铔欏皪(du矛)瀹冨€戣嚜宸辩殑鑱查煶鐨勯寗闊虫湁鎵€鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€7. The inner ear is composed of delicate membranes which bear dense patches of specialized cells called maculae. Each of these collections of cells can carry a message to the brain. What message is carried by a macula depends upon how it is affected. The message which is carried is not, however, always connected with the hearing sense. For instance, a certain kind of tadpole can tell the depth of the water it is swimming in by the pitch of a tone which is produced by its own lungs.

銆€銆€7銆佸収(n猫i)鑰崇敱鑴嗗急鐨勮杽鑶滄(g貌u)鎴�锛屽畠鎵胯級钁楀瘑闆嗙殑鐢辫绋变綔鏂戠柟鐨勭壒娈婄窗(x矛)鑳炴(g貌u)鎴愮殑鐗囥€傛瘡鍊�(g猫)閫欐ǎ鐨勭窗(x矛)鑳炵兢閮借兘澶犳妸淇℃伅鍌抽仦绲﹀ぇ鑵�锛岃€屾枒鐤规壙杓夋€庢ǎ鐨勪俊鎭緷璩翠簬瀹冩槸鎬庢ǎ鍙楀奖闊跨殑銆備絾鏄鎵胯級鐨勪俊鎭苟涓嶇附鏄垏鑱借(ju茅)鐩搁€�銆傝垑鍊�(g猫)渚嬪瓙锛屾湁涓€绋潓铓兘鎰熺煡瀹冩墍娓告吵涔嬭檿姘寸殑娣卞害锛屽畠鏄€氶亷(gu貌)鏌愮ó鑷繁鑲洪儴鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鑱查煶鐨勯煶瑾�(di脿o)渚�(l谩i)鍒ゅ畾鐨�銆�

銆€銆€8. In the human and all other mammals, the macula has developed into an organ which can easily be seen. This organ is called the cochlea. This spiral shaped organ contains the macula itself and it is called "organ of Corti" after its discoverer. If you have ever seen a snail shell, you know how a cochlea looks.

銆€銆€8銆佸皪(du矛)浜庝汉椤炲拰鍏朵粬鎵€鏈夊摵涔抽鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╀締(l谩i)瑾�(shu艒)锛屾枒鐤瑰凡缍�(j墨ng)閫�(j矛n)鍖栨垚鐐轰竴绋緢瀹规槗鐪嬭(ji脿n)鐨勫櫒瀹橈紝閫欑ó鍣ㄥ畼绋变綔鈥滆€宠澑鈥�銆傞€欎竴铻烘棆褰㈢殑鍣ㄥ畼鍖呮嫭浜哅ACULAE鏈韩锛屼互鍙婂悗渚�(l谩i)琚叾鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鑰呯ū鐐衡€淐ORTI鈥濈殑鍣ㄥ畼銆傚鏋滀綘鐪嬪埌閬�(gu貌)铦哥墰鐨勬锛屼綘灏辩煡閬撹€宠澑鐨勫舰璞�銆�

銆€銆€9. When sound waves enter the cochlea, which is really a tube coiled around, they set a membrane into a back and forth motion and cause a new wave. This is something like the way in which high and low sounds are produced by a flute or whistle. The high sounds are produced when the air is prevented by the holes from going through, while the low sounds are produced by allowing more of the air to pass. All this is what produces the differences between high and low sounds. The loudness of a sound is evidently produced by how much the membrane is cause to move.

銆€銆€9銆佺暥(d膩ng)鑱叉尝閫�(j矛n)鍏ヨ€宠澑閫欐鐩ゆ棆鐨勭閬�锛屽畠浠よ杽鑶滃墠鍚庣Щ鍕�(d貌ng)骞朵笖鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸柊鐨勬尝鍕�(d貌ng)銆傞€欑ó鏂瑰紡椤炰技浜庨暦(zh菐ng)绗涙垨鏄摠瀛愭墍鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑楂樹綆闊�銆傜暥(d膩ng)娲炵┐琚樆鎿嬪皫(d菐o)鑷寸┖姘ｄ笉鑳介€氶亷(gu貌)閫氶亾鏅�(sh铆)灏辩敘(ch菐n)鐢熼珮闊筹紝鑰屾湁鏇村绌烘埃閫氶亷(gu貌)閫氶亾鏅�(sh铆)鍓囩敘(ch菐n)鐢熶綆闊�銆傞€欎簺閫犳垚浜嗛珮闊冲拰浣庨煶鐨勪笉鍚屻€傝€岃伈闊崇殑澶у皬鍓囨槑椤殑姹哄畾浜庤€宠啘閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)銆�

銆€銆€10. Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists as yet. We do know, however, that nature has set up some very delicate hearing mechanisms for its creatures. Scientists must explore much further for more knowledge about how animals use their ears.

銆€銆€10銆佸皪(du矛)浜庢墍鏈夌殑鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╀締(l谩i)瑾�(shu艒)锛岃伣瑕�(ju茅)鏄惁鐪熺殑鍥�?y脿n)闂呴埉鏃辨尃缁婃嚉顗乤(ch菐n)鐢燂紝鑷充粖绉戝(xu茅)瀹跺€�?n猫i)鍖€绮礭(m茅i)鏈夋槑纰虹殑浜嗚В銆備絾鏄垜鍊戠煡閬擄紝鑷劧鐣屽凡缍�(j墨ng)鐐哄畠鐨勭敓鐗╁€戝缓绔嬩簡涓€浜涢潪甯哥簿绱�(x矛)鐨勮伣瑕�(ju茅)姗�(j墨)鍒�銆傜瀛�(xu茅)瀹跺€戝繀闋堥€�(j矛n)琛屾洿鍔犳繁鍏ュ湴鎺㈣◣鎵嶈兘澶�?q奴)顩�?d貌ng)鐗╁浣曟噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ畠鍊戠殑鑰虫湹鐛插緱鏇村鐨勭煡璀�(sh铆)銆�

鏇村缈昏璩囨牸鑰冭│鐩搁棞(gu膩n)淇℃伅璜�(q菒ng)闂�(gu膩n)娉�: