2019年高級(jí)軟考信息系統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目管理師模擬練習(xí)題十二

2019年高級(jí)軟考信息系統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目管理師模擬練習(xí)題之專業(yè)英語練習(xí)

Developing reliable software on time and within (1) represents a difficult endeavor for many organizations.

Usually business solutions have three main aspects:people, (2) , and technology. The main reason for failing software projects has little to do with technology and tools, and much to do with lack of process (3) . Experience has shown that introducing new technology and tools in an immature or undisciplined environment is likely to increase the chaos. CASE tools are not enough. "A fool with a tool is still a fool?"

Structured method was the first wave of the software industry. This was the beginning of transforming software development from a" (4) industry' to mass production. Software process movement if the second wave in the software industry. The process maturity movement prepares the way for the third wave of the software industry: "software industrialization". Software development will become like an assembly and manufacturing process. A critical enabling factor is a disciplined software engineering process with predictable quality, (5) and functionality.

(1) A. forecast B. preparation C. budget D. economy

(2) A. process B. skill C. organization D. interface

(3) A. law B. discipline C. plan D. evaluation

(4) A. college B. family C. workshop D. cottage

(5) A. plan B. schedule C. effort D. product

答案

(1)C (2)A (3)B (4)D (5)B

[分析]

對(duì)很多組織來說，在給定的時(shí)間和預(yù)算范圍內(nèi)開發(fā)可靠的軟件，意味著艱難的努力。

業(yè)務(wù)解決方案通常有三個(gè)方面，分別是人員、過程和技術(shù)，軟件項(xiàng)目失敗的主要原因與技術(shù)和工具幾乎沒有關(guān)系，大部分是因?yàn)槿狈^程定義。經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，在一個(gè)不成熟或者沒有定義的環(huán)境引進(jìn)新技術(shù)和工具，只能是亂上加亂。CASE工具并不意味著一切，正如：“A fool with a tool is till a fool!”。

結(jié)構(gòu)化方法掀起了軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)的第一次浪潮，是從作坊式工業(yè)(Cottage Industry，家庭手工業(yè))到大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)變的開端。軟件過程改進(jìn)是軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)的第二次浪潮，且過程成熟，為軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)的第三次浪潮(軟件工業(yè)化)鋪平了道路。軟件開發(fā)將如裝配和制造過程一般，而要做到這一點(diǎn)，一個(gè)重要的因素就是需要一個(gè)具有可預(yù)測(cè)的質(zhì)量、進(jìn)度和功能的已定義的軟件工程過程。

Activity Based Costing (ABC) is an (6) technique that allows an organization to determine the actual (7) associated with each product and service produced by the organization without regard to the organizational structure. This chapter explains some of the uses and benefits of Activity Based Costing. We use IDEFO (8) modeling in conjunction with ABC to enable more effective business (9) design decisions.

In order to achieve the major goals of business process improvement, process simplification and improvement, FAA managers need to fully understand the cost, time, and quality of activities performed by employees or machines throughout an entire organization. ABC methods enable (10) to cost out measurements to business simplification and process improvement.

(6) A. computing B. campaigning C. programming D. accounting

(7) A. activity B. quality C. cost D. process

(8) A. activity B. flowchart C. design D. management

(9) A. data B. benefit C. process D. image

(10) A. computers B. managers C. clients D. consumers

答案

(6)D (7)C (8)A (9C (10)B

[分析]

基于活動(dòng)成本法(Activity Based Costing, ABC)是一門會(huì)計(jì)技術(shù)，可以使組織決定由該組織提供的，與每個(gè)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)有聯(lián)系的實(shí)際成本，而無需考慮組織結(jié)構(gòu)。本章說明了ABC法的一些使用方法和使用ABC的好處。我們使用IDEFO活動(dòng)建模，與 ABC一起，使業(yè)務(wù)過程設(shè)計(jì)決策更有效。

為了達(dá)到業(yè)務(wù)流程改進(jìn)、過程簡(jiǎn)化和改進(jìn)的主要目的，F(xiàn)AA經(jīng)理們需要充分理解那些由員工或機(jī)器執(zhí)行的、貫穿整個(gè)組織的活動(dòng)的成本、時(shí)間和質(zhì)量。ABC法能使經(jīng)理們估算出度量業(yè)務(wù)簡(jiǎn)化和過程改進(jìn)的成本。

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