當(dāng)今這個(gè)時(shí)代，就業(yè)市場(chǎng)是戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。而人工智能和機(jī)器人的發(fā)展，更是在職場(chǎng)上丟下一枚重磅炸彈。很多傳統(tǒng)上看似安全的工作，在新技術(shù)沖擊下，也不再是鐵飯碗。下面來(lái)看看，未來(lái)哪10種職業(yè)最容易被機(jī)器代替，外語(yǔ)專業(yè)的可能要不愿意了……

Image recognition software and voice recognition software are bringing some major advances to language translation.

圖像識(shí)別軟件和語(yǔ)音識(shí)別軟件為語(yǔ)言翻譯帶來(lái)了一些重要的進(jìn)展。

Applications like Google’s Word Lens can translate words from signs and documents in real time and there are a plethora of translation apps that allow you to type in a word or phrase and will translate it for you.

像谷歌的Word Lens這樣的應(yīng)用程序可以實(shí)時(shí)地從標(biāo)志和文檔中翻譯單詞，還有大量的翻譯應(yīng)用程序可以根據(jù)輸入的一個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)提供翻譯服務(wù)。

Some will even speak the phrase for you. Granted, there are still cultural cues this technology misses, but raw word-to-word translation will be fully automated soon.

有的程序還可以讀出單詞和短語(yǔ)。當(dāng)然，這種技術(shù)仍然存在一些文化上的理解困難，但是原始的逐字翻譯將很快被自動(dòng)化完全取代。

So, if you’re not translating high-dollar business negotiations or matters of national security, then you may find that algorithms will be good enough to handle most other translation duties.

因此，如果你所從事的并非高薪的商務(wù)談判或國(guó)家安全問(wèn)題翻譯工作，那么你的工作就會(huì)被性能優(yōu)良的工具取代。

Insurance underwriter

保險(xiǎn)承包人

Whenever you apply for insurance through a broker or agent, your application has to be vetted to determine if the risk is worth accepting for the insurance company. The work is performed by underwriters. They review the application and decide whether or not they’ll provide insurance, and how much they’ll offer.

當(dāng)你通過(guò)經(jīng)紀(jì)人或代理人申請(qǐng)保險(xiǎn)時(shí)，你的申請(qǐng)必須經(jīng)過(guò)審查，以確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是否值得保險(xiǎn)公司接受。這項(xiàng)工作由承保人執(zhí)行。他們審查你的申請(qǐng)并決定是否提供保險(xiǎn)，以及將提供的保險(xiǎn)數(shù)額。

The role of insurance underwriter is at risk for automation because applications can be standardized and most organizations have set rules by which they determine eligibility.

保險(xiǎn)承保人面臨著被自動(dòng)化取代的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)閼?yīng)用程序可以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，而且大多數(shù)公司都制定了確定資格的規(guī)則。

Machine learning can help computer systems learn these rules and apply them to the applications they receive.

機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)可以幫助計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)這些規(guī)則，并將它們應(yīng)用到申請(qǐng)審查中。

Sales representativ

銷售代表

But, e-commerce is changing how we make purchasing decisions, especially those where there isn’t much differentiation among the major competitors.

但是，電子商務(wù)正在改變我們的購(gòu)買(mǎi)決定，特別是那些在主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手之間沒(méi)有太多差別的領(lǐng)域。

If you’re selling a high-differentiation product and/or a high-price, low-volume product you have some job security, but if you’re selling a high-volume, low-differentiation product, you better start polishing your resume, said Doug Camplejohn, CEO of Fliptop. "These kind of product sales are all moving online."

Fliptop的首席執(zhí)行官Doug Camplejohn說(shuō):“如果你正在銷售特殊產(chǎn)品或高價(jià)格、低產(chǎn)量的產(chǎn)品，人工智能對(duì)你的威脅并不大，但如果你銷售的是一種高產(chǎn)出的普通產(chǎn)品，你最好開(kāi)始潤(rùn)色你的簡(jiǎn)歷。”“這些產(chǎn)品的銷售都可以在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行。

Call center worker

電話中心從業(yè)者

At this point, most people are familiar with automated customer service lines and telemarketing.

在這一點(diǎn)上，大多數(shù)人都熟悉自動(dòng)化的客戶服務(wù)電話和電話營(yíng)銷。

Using natural-language processing, automated call lines are able to better understand what customers are saying and direct them to the proper resource.

使用自然語(yǔ)言處理、自動(dòng)接聽(tīng)電話線能夠更好地理解客戶所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容，并正確引導(dǎo)客戶。

There’s usually still an option to be routed to a ’real person’, but even that could be eliminated in the next few years.

通常還有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以選擇 “真人”接聽(tīng)，但這個(gè)崗位在未來(lái)幾年內(nèi)也會(huì)被淘汰。

Additionally, automation could lead to fewer calls to helplines in general, at least on the customer service side of things. Smart systems, remotely monitored by sensors, could help with product maintenance and ward off potential problems.

此外，自動(dòng)化可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)求助熱線的電話減少，至少在客戶服務(wù)方面是如此。智能系統(tǒng)由傳感器遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控，可以幫助進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品維護(hù)和防止?jié)撛趩?wèn)題的出現(xiàn)。

Sorter

分類人員

Sorting takes a trained eye and sorters typically work in a factory, pulling damaged or imperfect products from a batch as it moves along a conveyor belt.

分類需要經(jīng)過(guò)訓(xùn)練的眼睛和分類人員，通常是在工廠里從傳送帶中取出受損或不完美的產(chǎn)品。

Automated inspection technology is growing to match the human output for this job.

自動(dòng)化檢測(cè)技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展，與人類的產(chǎn)出相匹配。

Right now it’s common for people to be manually sorting and inspecting every single item -- a seat belt bolt, for example.

現(xiàn)在，人們通常會(huì)對(duì)每一件物品進(jìn)行手工分類和檢查——例如，安全帶螺栓。

Vision inspection cameras used to cost $30,000, now they cost $1000, and vision inspection systems are fast, efficient and highly accurate.

視覺(jué)檢查相機(jī)曾經(jīng)的花費(fèi)高達(dá)3萬(wàn)美元，現(xiàn)在只需1000美元，視覺(jué)檢查系統(tǒng)快速、高效、高度準(zhǔn)確。

Data entry

數(shù)據(jù)輸入

For example, data from a driver’s time on the road and time on the site could be captured by an on-board sensor, combined with GPS data, and automatically fed into the backend system.

例如，司機(jī)在路上和地點(diǎn)上的數(shù)據(jù)可以被機(jī)載傳感器捕獲，并與GPS數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合，并自動(dòng)送入后端系統(tǒng)。

That data could then be automatically compared against daily goals and plans, and processed on behalf of that driver. The data entry is more efficient and happens faster as a result.

這些數(shù)據(jù)可以自動(dòng)與日常目標(biāo)和計(jì)劃進(jìn)行比較，并代表該驅(qū)動(dòng)程序進(jìn)行處理。這樣一來(lái)，數(shù)據(jù)輸入的效率更高，取得結(jié)果的速度也更快。

While lots of data -- especially historical data -- still needs to be digitized, and there will be work available to scan much of this data in the short term, the long-term need for data entry will be reduced.

但是還有許多數(shù)據(jù)——尤其是歷史數(shù)據(jù)——仍然需要人工數(shù)字化，短期內(nèi)還會(huì)有大量數(shù)據(jù)需要掃描，因此對(duì)人工數(shù)據(jù)輸入工作人員的需求將會(huì)慢慢減少。

Tax Preparer

報(bào)稅員

But, aside from a few overly complicated tax code issues, most workers will be likely be able to file their taxes without the assistance of another human.

但未來(lái)，除了一些過(guò)于復(fù)雜的稅法問(wèn)題之外，大多數(shù)人在沒(méi)有其他人幫助的情況下，很有可能會(huì)自己提交稅收。

Tax forms are standardized and machines will be able to read the info and ask you a few questions to process your paperwork. We’ve seen this happening with software like TurboTax for years.

稅務(wù)表格是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的，機(jī)器將能夠閱讀信息，并問(wèn)你幾個(gè)問(wèn)題來(lái)處理你的文書(shū)工作。比如，近年來(lái)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了像TurboTax這樣的軟件。

Of course, the tax code is complicated and where there are problems, ambiguities, and irregularities, there will still be the need for human beings with deep knowledge who can do far more than just fill out the right forms.

當(dāng)然，稅法是復(fù)雜的，有問(wèn)題、含糊不清和不規(guī)范的地方，仍然需要有深入知識(shí)的人，他們能做的遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止填好正確的表格。

Fast food workers

快餐店服務(wù)人員

Automated ordering kiosks have already made their way into a few McDonald’s restaurants around the world, and cooking positions could be eliminated next.

世界各地的一些麥當(dāng)勞餐廳已經(jīng)啟用了自動(dòng)訂購(gòu)系統(tǒng)，接下來(lái)可能會(huì)研發(fā)自動(dòng)烹飪機(jī)器。

The kiosks probably can’t handle customer service issues well, but televideo systems could bring in an office employee to facilitate complaints.

自助服務(wù)系統(tǒng)可能不能很好地處理客服問(wèn)題，但是可視系統(tǒng)可以讓辦公室職員來(lái)處理投訴。

Automation will affect parts of casual dining restaurants as well, as tableside tablet ordering systems have already arrived at restaurants like Chili’s and others.

自動(dòng)化也會(huì)影響到休閑餐廳，因?yàn)樽烂嫫桨咫娔X訂購(gòu)系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)占領(lǐng)了Chili’s等餐廳。

Field technician

實(shí)地考察人員

New advances in the Internet of Things could render this work obsolete.

物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的新發(fā)展可能會(huì)取代這份工作。

Low-cost sensors combined with high availability cellular/satellite communications and cloud technology are being implemented to automate and alarm these sites, and can be checked and maintained from a desktop or mobile device.

低成本的傳感器結(jié)合可用性高的蜂窩/衛(wèi)星通信和云技術(shù)正在實(shí)現(xiàn)站點(diǎn)自動(dòng)化、安裝警報(bào)系統(tǒng)，并且可以通過(guò)桌面或移動(dòng)設(shè)備進(jìn)行檢查和維護(hù)。

Assemby line workers

流水線工人

Tech, factories, and jobs have had a tricky relationship since the Industrial Revolution.

自工業(yè)革命以來(lái)，科技、工廠和工作之間的關(guān)系一直很微妙。

Robotic technology has been used in manufacturing for decades -- especially at major operations like Ford and Toyota -- and the technology continues to advance.

幾十年來(lái)，機(jī)器人技術(shù)一直被用于制造業(yè)，尤其是在福特和豐田等大型企業(yè)，而且這種技術(shù)還在繼續(xù)發(fā)展。