2015年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生C類閱讀材料2

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　　Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor

　　Nanotechnology uses matter at the level of molecules and atoms. Researchers are finding different uses for particles with a length of one nanometer, or one-billionth of a meter. These include things like beauty products1 and dirt-resistant clothing. But one area where many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine.

　　Last week, speakers at a program in Washington discussed using nanotechnology to improve health care in developing countries. The program took place at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Peter Singer at the University of Toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots2 could be used to confirm cases of malaria. He says k could offer a better way than the traditional process of looking at a person's blood under a microscope.

　　In poor countries, this process is often not followed. As a result, sick people may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. Such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance. Quantum dots are particles that give off3 light when activated. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.4

　　Experts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also for treating them. Piotr Grodzinski of the National Institutes of Health5 talked about how nanotechnology could make drugs more effective. He talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. He says if a drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it might be needed, and that means lower side effects.6

　　Andrew Maynard is chief scientist for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. He noted that Brazil, India, China and South Africa are currently doing nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. But he also noted that there is some risk in using nano-materials. He says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to larger particles7. Experts say more investment in research is needed to better understand these risks.

　　納米保健技術(shù)走向貧困國(guó)家

　　納米技術(shù)的應(yīng)用對(duì)象都是分子級(jí)和原子級(jí)的物質(zhì)。如今，長(zhǎng)度為一納米，即十億分之一米的粒 子已被開發(fā)出多種用途，如制造美容產(chǎn)品和抗污型服裝等。但其中一個(gè)領(lǐng)域科學(xué)家認(rèn)為潛力尤為巨 大，那就是醫(yī)藥領(lǐng)域。 •

　　在上周于華盛頓Woodrow Wilson國(guó)際中心召開的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目會(huì)議上，科學(xué)家們探討了如何將納 米技術(shù)應(yīng)用于貧困國(guó)家人口保健的事宜。

　　來自多倫多大學(xué)的Peter Singer聲稱一項(xiàng)名為量子點(diǎn)的納米技術(shù)可被應(yīng)用于瘧疾的診斷。相對(duì) 于傳統(tǒng)的僅用顯微鏡觀察血液樣本的方法，此技術(shù)要先進(jìn)得多。

　　由于貧困國(guó)家往往沒有條件應(yīng)用此項(xiàng)新技術(shù)，許多健康人被誤診為瘧疾患者，而藥物的濫用又 導(dǎo)致了抗藥性的產(chǎn)生。所謂量子點(diǎn)是指一些被激活后會(huì)發(fā)光的粒子，如今科學(xué)家正在研究為它們編 程的方法，以便當(dāng)靶分子存在的時(shí)候就能夠通過發(fā)光來診斷疾病。

　　納米技術(shù)的優(yōu)越性不光體現(xiàn)在疾病的診斷，還包括疾病的治療。國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究所的Piotr Grodzinski與大家共同探討了如何運(yùn)用納米技術(shù)來增強(qiáng)藥效。以一些已經(jīng)使用了納米技術(shù)的抗癌藥 物為例，他指出，如果藥物可以針對(duì)癌癥病灶而不是整個(gè)人體，治療所需藥量就會(huì)大大減少，副作用 也會(huì)降低。

　　Andrew Maynard是Woodrow Wilson中心新興的納米技術(shù)工程部骨干科學(xué)家，他注意到巴西、 印度、中國(guó)及南非正在開發(fā)可被貧困國(guó)家所應(yīng)用的納米技術(shù)。與此同時(shí)他指出，與較大分子不同，納 米材料的顆粒在人體內(nèi)和體外環(huán)境中的作用可能有所不同，因此納米技術(shù)的應(yīng)用存在一定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，若 要深入研究這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)則需要更大的資金投入。

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