2007年中石油職稱英語考試閱讀真題匯總

　　07年

　　III. Reading Comprehension

　　Section A

　　Directions: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:

　　The lead pencil is one of the most used pieces of merchandise in the world. It is the simplest, most convenient and least expensive of all writing instruments.

　　Perhaps the most surprising thing about the lead pencil is that it is not lead at all. And it is not a pencil. The "lead" is actually graphite from the Greek word "to write." The word "pencil" is from Latin. The first pencils were fine or stiff brushes of hair.

　　American pencil makers turn out their product by the millions. Probably there is no more useful article in the world. As one wise person remarked: "Everything begins with a pencil. Whether it's a pin or a battleship, it is first rendered with a pencil."

　　There is a pencil for every purpose. In fact, the industry now supplies 370 different types and styles in more than 70 different colors and in 18 degrees of hardness.

　　Some write clearly on slippery surfaces, such as glass and plastic. Surgeons use a special pencil for outlining the operation area on the patient's skin, and packing-plants use another type to write identification on sides of beef. There is even a special electric pencil used for tests checked by electronic machines.

　　There are many novelty pencils. Some have the Ten Commandments, calendars or the multiplication table on them. Some are in the shape of umbrellas, canes, baseball bats and traffic signals. One may be 12 feet long, while others are only 1/2 inch.

　　One recent novelty is a pencil with paper in it. A small roll of paper fits in the center of the pencil and is drawn out through a slit in the side. It's just the thing for those who are always looking for a scrap of paper

　　A popular idea is that a check, will, or other legal paper whiten in pencil is not legal. This is not true. Any legal document which does not specify otherwise can be legally signed in pencil.

　　41. The author says that the "lead" in a pencil____.

　　A. is graphite B. is really a chemical C. comes from Greece D. is hard to find

　　答案為：A 友人懷疑是C,我再次讀了一遍，還覺得應(yīng)該是A石墨

　　42. What is meant by the following quotation____"Whether it's a pin or a battleship, it is first rendered with a pencil."

　　A. A pencil is difficult to work with.

　　B. The design of the pencil is rendered important.

　　C. The first designs of pin and battleship are not important.

　　D. The pencil is used by everyone for many purposes.

　　答案為：D

　　43. Which of the following types of pencils was not mentioned in the story?

　　A. a pencil for surgeons

　　B. a pencil for writing on slippery surfaces

　　C. a pencil for writing underwater

　　D. a pencil with paper in it

　　答案為：C

　　44. According to the article, a document signed with a pencil ____.

　　A. will smudge badly B. will net last so long as one signed in ink

　　C. will not hold up in court D. may be legal

　　答案為：D

　　Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:

　　In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious association. The Olympian athletic festival, held every four years in honor of Zeus, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event, and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been waived, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C.

　　The Games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events is uncertain, but events included boys' gymnastics, horse-racing, field events such as discus and javelin throwing, and the very important foot races. There was also boxing and wrestling and special tests of varied ability such as the pentathlon, the winner of which excelled in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing and wrestling. The evening of the third day was devoted to sacrificial offerings to the heroes of the day, and the fourth day, that of the full moon, was set aside as a holy day.

　　On the sixth and last day, all the victors were crowned with holy garlands of wild, live from a sacred wood. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. The public honor also made the strict discipline of the ten-month training period worthwhile. In spite of the lengthy training, however runners were known to drop dead from strain at the winning post. How their results compared with modem standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.

　　After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were abolished in A.D. 394, the Christian era, because of their pagan origin. It was over 1,500 years before there was another such international athletics gathering. The Greek institution was revived in 1896 and the first small meeting took place in Athens. After the 1908 London Olympics, success was re-established and nations sent their best representatives. In times of peace, the Games have taken place ever since at four-yearly intervals.

　　Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing countries pay their own athletes' expenses. Athletic contests are still the main feature, but now many more sports are represented women compete, the ancient pentathlon, for example, has been modified into a more comprehensive test, and the marathon races, initiated in 1896, are now a celebrated event.

　　The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun's rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolizes the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.

　　45. The first Olympic Games took place____.

　　A. probably before 700 B.C.

　　B. over three thousand years ago

　　C. in the seventh century A.D.

　　D. a thousand years ago

　　46. Modern athletes’ results cannot be compared with those of the ancient runners because ____.

　　A. the Greeks had no means of telling the time

　　B. details such times were not recorded in the past

　　C. they are much better

　　D. the ancient runners fell down dead

　　47. The continuity of the Olympic Games____.

　　A. has never been broken B. was broken in the year A.D. 1200

　　C. was interrupted for over 1,500 years D. was broken in 1896

　　48. At he beginning of the Games in the host country ____.

　　A. a torch is ignited at sunrise

　　B. a lighted torch is brought into the stadium

　　C. relays of runners light their torches in the stadium

　　D. a torch is ignited by the Greek ambassador

　　Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage

　　Radiant energy is also called light energy. Our most important source of radiant energy is, of course, the sun. Without it there would be no life, for plant life depends upon radiant energy--and we depend upon plant life.

　　Other forms of radiant energy familiar to us are radio waves, infrared rays, ultra-violet rays, X rays, and gamma rays.

　　In simplest terms, mechanical energy is the energy of a moving object. Your heartbeat, the pushing of a lawn mower, a baseball speeding through the air, water falling onto a waterwheel, the prying up of a rock with a crowbar--all are mechanical energy, which, of course, was another form of energy earlier.

　　Electrical energy usually has to be changed to another form before it actually does what we want it to do. In the toaster, it changes to heat; in a tiny wrist watch or a subway train or a 75,000 horse-power industrial motor, it changes to mechanical energy. In an industrial process called electrolysis, it changes to chemical energy.

　　Various fuels such as coal, gas, oil, and food are common examples of chemical energy. These fuels give off heat when they burn. The process is called combustion or oxidation, and the heat itself is a form of energy. Man uses the energy from some kind of fuel for everything from flying to the moon to thinking about it.

　　A special kind of chemical energy is nuclear energy, sometimes called atomic energy. These names come from the fact that the source of energy is the nucleus, or core, of the atom. Nuclear fuels such as plutonium and uranium give off heat energy when fission (the splitting of atoms in these fuels) occurs. Already we have seen tremendous advances in the use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, and many people see nuclear energy as the future answer to almost all of our energy needs.

　　49. In a toaster, ____ energy becomes heathergy.

　　A. electrical B. mechanical C. heat D. radiant

　　50. Nuclear energy is a special sort of____.

　　A. uranium B. chemical energy C. radiant energy D. electricity generated in atomic plants

　　51. We use the terms combustion and oxidation when we talk about ____.

　　A. the energy of a moving object B. connecting a generator to a steam turbine

　　C. nuclear fission D. fuels which give off heat when they burn

　　52. From the facts given in this article we can tell that ____.

　　A. often a form of energy is useless to us until it becomes another form

　　B. steam power is cheaper and better than electrical power

　　C. in the near future, there will be enough nuclear power to supply all our energy needs

　　D. energy can change to another form, but the new form cannot change hack into the old form

　　Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:

　　The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist's timekeeping methods. For this reason, scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.

　　In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their “ticking”. This is possible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia, for example, vibrate or “ticks” 24 billion times a second.

　　One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably lose no more than a second in 3000 years. It will be of great importance in fields such as astronomical observation and long-range navigation. The heart of this atomichron is cesium atom that vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water.

　　An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule may be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein’s relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18,000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time readings to a ground station, where they would be compared with the readings on a similar model whatever differences develop would be checked against the differences predicted.

　　53. Scientists expect that the atomic clocks will be ____.

　　A. more durable B. indestructible C. more precise D. absolutely accurate

　　54. From the selection, we may assume that temperature changes ____.

　　A. affect only ammonia molecules B. may affect the vibration rate of atoms

　　C. affect the speed at which atoms travel D. do not affect atoms in any way

　　55. Identical atomic clocks may be used to check____.

　　A. the accuracy of predictions based on theories of relativity B. all of Einstein's theories

　　C. the effect of outer space on an atomic clock D. the actual speed of an orbiting satellite

　　56. Which is implied but not stated?

　　A. Precise timekeeping is essential in science.

　　B. Scientists expect to disprove Einstein's relativity theories.

　　C. Atomic clocks will be important in space flight.

　　D. The rate of vibration of an atom never varies.

　　Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:

　　Our multimillion nerve-cell central nervous system has its roots in the scattered nerve cells of tiny, lowly organisms that lived in water half a billion years ago. Nerve cells evidently first appeared in coelenterates--"hollow-gutted" organisms like hydra and the sea anemone. A coelenterate's nerve network lacks any kind of centralized control. This probably began with flatworms--the first creatures to possess a head. Specialized sense cells help flatworms respond more flexibly than sea anemones to outside stimulus. But like most animals without a backbone, flatworms act mostly by instinct and reflex.

　　Intelligent behavior remained impossible until the appearance of relatively big, complex types of brain--the types we find among the backboned animals, or vertebrates. The tidiest fish has a larger brain than the largest insect. But the development of a fish's three-part brain reflects that beast' unintellectual priorities. Much of the forebrain deals only with smell. The midbrainhandles vision, the hindbrain, balance.

　　With early mammals the brain grew larger and more complex. Sense coordination shifted from the midbrain to the forebrain, a developing structure capped by a folded cerebrum to handle memory and learning. Meanwhile the hindhrain gained a large cerebellum to coordinate complicated movements.

　　Advanced mammals such as monkeys, apes and humans (the primates) have brains derived from ancestors that took to living in the trees, where vision mattered more than smell. Accordingly the once big "smell" part of the forebrain grew smaller, while the part that handles vision grew much larger.

　　57, With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?

　　A. The anatomy of tiny organisms B. The sensory organs of invertebrates

　　C. The importance of vision of fish and advanced mammals

　　D. The origin of the brain and the central nervous system

　　58. It can be inferred from the passage that insects do not have ____.

　　A. nerve cells B reflexes C. brains D. backbones

　　59. According to the passage, what helps to coordinate the complex physical activity of a mammal?

　　A. The cerebrum B. The midbrain C. The cerebrum D. The forebrain

　　60. In the last paragraph, the phrase "took to" could best be replaced by which of the following?

　　A. began B. fled to C. carried to D. became friendly toward

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