2014年職稱英語(yǔ)(綜合類)教材閱讀判斷文章及譯文5

　　點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入：2014年職稱英語(yǔ)(綜合類)教材閱讀判斷文章匯總

　　綜合類-閱讀判斷

　　Plants and Mankind

　　Botany(植物學(xué)), the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don’t know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrialial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, Medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all.

　　Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.

　　詞匯：

　　botany 植物學(xué) yield 產(chǎn)量，收益

　　detailed 詳細(xì)的，詳盡的 marvel 令人驚奇的事(人)，奇跡

　　property 特征;財(cái)產(chǎn)，資產(chǎn) logical 邏輯的，合乎邏輯的

　　pyramid 金字塔 variety 品種，變種;變化，多樣化

　　accumulate 積累，積聚 welfare 福利，幸福，康樂(lè)

　　intimacy 親近，親密

　　注釋：

　　1.Stone Age：石器時(shí)代

　　2.…a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient：……對(duì)植物及其特點(diǎn)的詳細(xì)了解一定非常久遠(yuǎn)

　　3.dye：染料

　　4.the Amazon：亞馬孫河

　　5.Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge，…然而每個(gè)人都會(huì)無(wú)意識(shí)中獲得大量的植物知識(shí)，……come on ：偶然遇見;偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)。又如：I came on this idea by pure chance。我有這個(gè)想法純屬偶然。

　　6.orchid：蘭花

　　7.Neolithic：新石器時(shí)代

　　8.From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.：從那時(shí)起，人類越來(lái)越多地從可控制的集中植物的種植中獲取生計(jì)，而不是從野生的眾多種類中東采一點(diǎn)，西摘一點(diǎn)。在數(shù)萬(wàn)年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中積累起來(lái)的知識(shí)以及與大自然中各種植物的緊密聯(lián)系也就開始消失。take their living from：靠……過(guò)活

　　練習(xí)：

　　1.It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　2.People cannot survive without plants.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　3.Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　4.Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　5.Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　6.People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000years ago.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　7.Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　參考答案:

　　1. A. 文章第一段第三句話中的指示代詞“this”是指上一句話的陳述，即“對(duì)植物及其特點(diǎn)的詳細(xì)了解一定非常久遠(yuǎn)。”

　　2. A. 第二段講到植物對(duì)于人類而言是極為重要的，為人類提供類食物、衣服、工具、藥物等生活必需品。

　　3. B. 第一段結(jié)尾部分提到現(xiàn)今仍生活在亞馬孫叢林中的部落能識(shí)別成百上千種植物，知道每一種植物的屬性。他們沒(méi)有植物學(xué)這個(gè)概念，甚至可能沒(méi)有意識(shí)到它是知識(shí)界的一個(gè)分支。因此在學(xué)校中不可能設(shè)該課。

　　4. B.第二段第一句話說(shuō)工業(yè)化的程度越高，我們與植物直接接觸就越少。

　　5. B. 第二段中說(shuō)人們無(wú)意識(shí)地獲得類大量植物學(xué)知識(shí)，由此可以推出這些知識(shí)不是從教科書中獲得的。

　　6. A. 第二段提到當(dāng)生活在大約一萬(wàn)年前中東地區(qū)的人們發(fā)現(xiàn)某些草可以用來(lái)種植，而且到了來(lái)年再把種子種在地里可以得到更好的收成時(shí)，農(nóng)業(yè)就出現(xiàn)了。

　　7. B. 第二段末尾講從大約一萬(wàn)年前開始從事農(nóng)耕時(shí)起，人們逐漸地停止采食野果，這是因?yàn)槊妊繒r(shí)期的農(nóng)耕技術(shù)還十分落后，人們還不能從中獲得足夠的食物。

　　譯文：植物與人類

　　植物學(xué)，即對(duì)植物研究的科學(xué)，在人類文明發(fā)展的歷史長(zhǎng)河中占據(jù)著特殊地位。我們不知道 舊石器時(shí)代的祖先們對(duì)植物究竟了解多少，但根據(jù)我們對(duì)現(xiàn)存的前n:業(yè)社會(huì)的研究,可以肯定對(duì) 植物及其特點(diǎn)的詳細(xì)了解一定非常久遠(yuǎn)。這種分析是合乎邏輯的。植物不僅是其他-切生物所需 食物的根基，甚至也是其他類型植物的食物來(lái)源。它們對(duì)于人類的幸福始終是相當(dāng)重要的，它們 不僅僅為人們提供食物，還提供衣服、武器、工具、染料、藥品、住所和許多其他東西。生活在 亞馬遜河的叢中的原始部落，能識(shí)別成百上千種不詞植物，知道每丨種植物的屬性。他們沒(méi)有 植物學(xué)這個(gè)概念，甚至可能沒(méi)有意識(shí)到它是知識(shí)界的一個(gè)分支：

　　不幸的是，我們的工業(yè)化程度越篼,人類與植物間的直接聯(lián)系就越少，而且對(duì)植物學(xué)知識(shí)的 了解也就變得越來(lái)越模糊。然而每個(gè)人都會(huì)在無(wú)意識(shí)中獲得大量的植物知識(shí)，很少會(huì)有人分辨不 出玫瑰、蘋果或蘭花。大約」萬(wàn)年前，當(dāng)居住在中東的新石器時(shí)代的老?先們發(fā)現(xiàn)某些草可以用 來(lái)種植，而且到了來(lái)年再把種子種在地里可以得到吏好的收成時(shí),人們與植物之間的聯(lián)系邁出了 嶄新偉大的一步。谷物的發(fā)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)造了人類農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展史上的奇跡，即耕種莊稼。從那時(shí)起，人類就 越來(lái)越多地從可控制的幾種植物的生產(chǎn)豐族取生計(jì)纟而不是從野生的眾多種類中東采一點(diǎn)，西摘 一點(diǎn)。在數(shù)萬(wàn)年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中積累起來(lái)的知識(shí)以及與大自然中各種植物的緊密聯(lián)系也就開始消失。