Do you feel like you reflect on things more than everyone else? Do you find yourself worrying about how other people feel? Do you prefer quieter, less chaotic environments?
你是否覺(jué)得自己看待事物比其他人想得多?你是否發(fā)現(xiàn)自己總在擔(dān)心其他人的感受?你是不是更喜歡安靜一些，少些嘈雜的環(huán)境?
If the above sound true to you, you may be highly sensitive. The personality trait -- which was first researched by Elaine N. Aron, Ph.D., in the early 1990s -- is relatively common, with as many as one in five people possessing it. Aron, who has written multiple studies and books on high sensitivity, including The Highly Sensitive Person, also developed a self-test (which you can take here) to help you determine if you are highly sensitive。
如果以上描述對(duì)你適用，那么你很可能屬于高敏感人群。這種個(gè)性特征是相對(duì)普遍的，每五個(gè)人中就有一人屬于此類。伊萊恩·阿隆博士在20世紀(jì)九十年代早期首次對(duì)此進(jìn)行了研究，她寫(xiě)過(guò)數(shù)篇研究報(bào)告和數(shù)本相關(guān)圖書(shū)，其中包括《高度敏感的人》。她同時(shí)也開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)自我測(cè)試來(lái)幫助你決定自己是不是高度敏感(你可以跟著這篇文章進(jìn)行測(cè)試)。
While recent interest in introversion -- driven largely by high-profile publications on the subject, including Susan Cain's book "Quiet," -- has brought more awareness to personality traits that value less stimulation and higher sensitivity, Aron notes that highly sensitive people still tend to be considered the "minority."
近期，包括蘇珊·凱因的《安靜》在內(nèi)的諸多內(nèi)向主題出版物高調(diào)發(fā)表，引起了大眾對(duì)此的極大興趣，人們更加注意到喜歡少些刺激和有著更高敏感度的個(gè)性特征。阿隆博士提到，高敏感人群現(xiàn)在仍被認(rèn)為是“少數(shù)”。
But "minority" doesn't mean bad -- in fact, being highly sensitive carries a multitude of positive characteristics. Read on for some of the commonalities shared by highly sensitive people。
但“少數(shù)”并不意味著不好——實(shí)際上，高度敏感的人有一系列積極正面的個(gè)性特征。跟著本文一起看看高敏感度人群的一些常見(jiàn)的個(gè)性特征吧。
1. They feel more deeply。
1. 他們的感受更加深刻。
One of the hallmark characteristics of highly sensitive people is the ability to feel more deeply than their less-sensitive peers. "They like to process things on a deep level," Ted Zeff, Ph.D., author of The Highly Sensitive Person's Survival Guide and other books on highly sensitive people, tells HuffPost. "They're very intuitive, and go very deep inside to try to figure things out."
高敏感度人群的特征標(biāo)志之一就是他們比低敏感的的同伴有著更深刻的感受。“他們喜歡在深層面掌握事物，”曾編寫(xiě)《高敏感度人群的生存指南》以及其他相關(guān)書(shū)籍的特德·澤夫博士對(duì)《赫芬頓郵報(bào)》說(shuō)道：“他們有敏銳的直覺(jué)，會(huì)深刻思考尋找問(wèn)題的答案。”
2. They're more emotionally reactive。
2. 他們的情感反應(yīng)更豐富。
People who are highly sensitive will react more in a situation. For instance, they will have more empathy and feel more concern for a friend's problems, according to Aron. They may also have more concern about how another person may be reacting in the face of a negative event。
高敏感度的人對(duì)于一個(gè)情景會(huì)做出更多反應(yīng)。比如，根據(jù)阿隆博士的說(shuō)法，他們更會(huì)站在他人的角度考慮，對(duì)朋友遇到的難題也更有同感。他們也許會(huì)更加顧慮到其他人遇到不好的事情會(huì)怎樣反應(yīng)。
3. They're probably used to hearing, "Don't take things so personally" and "Why are you so sensitive?"
3. 他們很可能已經(jīng)習(xí)慣聽(tīng)到“別往心里去“和”為什么你這么敏感?“之類的話。
Depending on the culture, sensitivity can be perceived as an asset or a negative trait, Zeff explains. In some of his own research, Zeff says that highly sensitive men he interviewed from other countries -- such as Thailand and India -- were rarely or never teased, while highly sensitive men he interviewed from North America were frequently or always teased. "So a lot of it is very cultural -- the same person who is told, 'Oh, you're too sensitive,' in certain cultures, it's considered an asset," he says。
澤夫博士解釋道，文化決定敏感可以被視作一筆財(cái)富或者一種負(fù)面特質(zhì)。澤夫博士在研究中采訪過(guò)來(lái)自其他國(guó)家的高敏感人群，比如泰國(guó)和印度的高敏感的人很少或者幾乎沒(méi)被別人取笑過(guò)，而北美的高敏感人群經(jīng)常被作為取笑的對(duì)象。“所以，這很大程度上都和文化有關(guān)——在某些國(guó)家，同樣一個(gè)人被別人說(shuō)成‘你太敏感了!’，而在有些國(guó)家，這被視為一種個(gè)人財(cái)富，”他如此總結(jié)道。
4. They prefer to exercise solo。
4. 他們更喜歡獨(dú)自鍛煉。
Highly sensitive people may tend to avoid team sports, where there's a sense that everyone is watching their every move, Zeff says. In his research, the majority of highly sensitive people he interviewed preferred individual sports, like bicycling, running and hiking, to group sports. However, this is not a blanket rule -- there are some highly sensitive people who may have had parents who provided an understanding and supportive environment that would make it easier for them to participate in group sports, Zeff says。
澤夫博士介紹說(shuō)，高敏感的人可能傾向于避開(kāi)團(tuán)隊(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)覺(jué)得每個(gè)人都在看著他的一舉一動(dòng)。在他的研究中，他采訪的大部分高敏感的人更喜歡個(gè)人運(yùn)動(dòng)，比如騎自行車(chē)，跑步或者徒步旅行。然而，這并不適用于所有高敏感人群——由于家人提供了理解和支持的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境，有些高敏感的人可能更容易參與群體運(yùn)動(dòng)。
5. It takes longer for them to make decisions。
5. 他們做決定需要更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
Highly sensitive people are more aware of subtleties and details that could make decisions harder to make, Aron says. Even if there is no "right" or "wrong" decision -- for example, it's impossible to choose a "wrong" flavor of ice cream -- highly sensitive people will still tend to take longer to choose because they are weighing every possible outcome. Aron's advice for dealing with this: "Take as long to decide as the situation permits, and ask for more time if you need it and can take it," she writes in a recent issue of her Comfort Zone newsletter. "During this time, try pretending for a minute, hour, day, or even week that you have made up your mind a certain way. How does that feel? Often, on the other side of a decision things look different, and this gives you a chance to imagine more vividly that you are already there." One exception: Once a highly sensitive person has come to the conclusion of what is the right decision to make and what is the wrong decision to make in a certain situation, he or she will be quick to make that "right" decision again in the future。
高敏感的人更能意識(shí)到那些讓做決定變得困難的細(xì)節(jié)，阿隆講道。即使沒(méi)有“對(duì)”或者“錯(cuò)”的選擇，比如，不可能會(huì)選到有“錯(cuò)誤”口味的冰激凌，但高敏感的人仍會(huì)考慮更久，因?yàn)樗麄兿胍饬棵總�(gè)可能的結(jié)果。對(duì)此，阿隆給出以下建議：“情況允許的情況下，能考慮多久就考慮多久，如果你需要并且可以得到，爭(zhēng)取更多時(shí)間。”她在她的最近一期《舒適區(qū)》的通訊中寫(xiě)道，“在這段時(shí)間， 一分鐘，一小時(shí)，一天，甚至一星期，試著假裝你是以某種特定的方式做出決定的。這是什么感覺(jué)?一個(gè)選擇的相對(duì)面通常看起來(lái)非常不同，這樣做給你盡情想象做了另外一個(gè)選擇的機(jī)會(huì)。”例外：一個(gè)高敏感的人一旦得出正確和錯(cuò)誤選擇的結(jié)論，以后在需要做出“正確”選擇的時(shí)候他或者她會(huì)很快做出選擇。
6. And on that note, they are more upset if they make a "bad" or "wrong" decision。
6. 基于以上，他們會(huì)為自己做出的“不好的”或者“錯(cuò)誤的”選擇感到更加沮喪。
You know that uncomfortable feeling you get after you realize you've made a bad decision? For highly sensitive people, "that emotion is amplified because the emotional reactivity is higher," Aron explains。
你知道當(dāng)你意識(shí)到自己做了不好的選擇時(shí)那種不舒服的感覺(jué)吧?對(duì)于高敏感的人，“這種情感會(huì)被放大，因?yàn)樗麄兦楦猩系姆磻?yīng)更加靈敏，”阿隆解釋道。
7. They're extremely detail-oriented。
7. 他們極度注意細(xì)節(jié)。
Highly sensitive people are the first ones to notice the details in a room, the new shoes that you're wearing, or a change in weather。
高敏感的人們是會(huì)第一個(gè)注意到一個(gè)房間的細(xì)節(jié)，你穿的新鞋子，或者天氣的變化。
8. Not all highly sensitive people are introverts。
8. 并不是所有高敏感的人都是內(nèi)向個(gè)性。
In fact, about 30 percent of highly sensitive people are extroverts, according to Aron. She explains that many times, highly sensitive people who are also extroverts grew up in a close-knit community -- whether it be a cul-de-sac, small town, or with a parent who worked as a minister or rabbi -- and thus would interact with a lot of people。
實(shí)際上，根據(jù)阿隆的說(shuō)法，大約30%的高敏感的人是外向個(gè)性。她解釋說(shuō)很多時(shí)候外向性格的高敏感人群都是在鄰里關(guān)系密切的社區(qū)長(zhǎng)大—無(wú)論是小巷子，小鎮(zhèn)子，或者父母之一是牧師或者法師，因此他們會(huì)和很多其他人互動(dòng)。
9. They work well in team environments。
9. 他們?cè)趫F(tuán)隊(duì)中的工作做得很棒。
Highly sensitive people are such deep thinkers, they make valuable workers and members of teams, Aron says. However, they may be well-suited for positions in teams where they don't have to make the final decision. For instance, if a highly sensitive person was part of a medical team, he or she would be valuable in analyzing the pros and cons of a patient having surgery, while someone else would ultimately make the decision about whether that patient would receive the surgery。
阿隆說(shuō)道，因?yàn)楦呙舾械娜耸巧疃人伎颊�，他們�?huì)成為很有價(jià)值的員工和團(tuán)隊(duì)成員。然而，他們可能很適合被安排到團(tuán)隊(duì)中不需要做最終決定的位置。比如，如果一個(gè)高敏感的人是一個(gè)醫(yī)療團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員，他或她會(huì)在分析給病人做手術(shù)的好處和壞處時(shí)充分體現(xiàn)價(jià)值，而另外一個(gè)人會(huì)最終決定到底要不要給病人做手術(shù)。
10. They're more prone to anxiety or depression (but only if they've had a lot of past negative experiences)。
10. 他們會(huì)更容易焦慮或者壓抑(只是在他們過(guò)去有很多負(fù)面經(jīng)歷的情況下)。
"If you've had a fair number of bad experiences, especially early in life, so you don't feel safe in the world or you don't feel secure at home or ... at school, your nervous system is set to 'anxious,'" Aron says. But that's not to say that all highly sensitive people will go on to have anxiety -- and in fact, having a supportive environment can go a long way to protecting against this. Parents of highly sensitive children, in particular, need to "realize these are really great kids, but they need to be handled in the right way," Aron says. "You can't over-protect them, but you can't under-protect them, either. You have to titrate that just right when they're young so they can feel confident and they can do fine."
“如果你有過(guò)相當(dāng)多的負(fù)面經(jīng)歷，尤其是在人生早期的時(shí)候，你會(huì)覺(jué)得這個(gè)世界不安全或者你在家也沒(méi)有安全感，或者…在學(xué)校也沒(méi)有，你的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)被設(shè)定為‘焦慮’模式，”阿隆講道。但這并不是說(shuō)所有的高敏感度人都會(huì)繼續(xù)焦慮下去——實(shí)際上，一個(gè)充滿他人支持的環(huán)境可以很長(zhǎng)久地保護(hù)他們遠(yuǎn)離焦慮。尤其是高敏感的孩子的父母，需要“意識(shí)到這些孩子非常棒，只是需要以正確的方式教育，”阿隆講道。“你不能過(guò)度保護(hù)，但你也不能保護(hù)不足。你必須在他們小的時(shí)候就小心地掌握好保護(hù)的程度，這樣他們會(huì)感到自信而且可以做得很好。”
11. That annoying sound is probably significantly more annoying to a highly sensitive person。
11. 噪音對(duì)于高敏感的人來(lái)講可能更加惱人。
While it's hard to say anyone is a fan of annoying noises, highly sensitive people are on a whole more, well, sensitive to chaos and noise. That's because they tend to be more easily overwhelmed and overstimulated by too much activity, Aron says。
阿隆說(shuō)，任何人都不喜歡噪音，總體來(lái)講，高敏感的人更是這樣，他們對(duì)嘈雜和噪聲更加敏感。那是因?yàn)樗麄兒苋菀妆惶嗟幕顒?dòng)壓垮和過(guò)度刺激。
12. Violent movies are the worst。
12. 暴力電影最糟糕。
Because highly sensitive people are so high in empathy and more easily overstimulated, movies with violence or horror themes may not be their cup of tea, Aron says。
因?yàn)楦呙舾械娜撕苋菀子泄缠Q和被過(guò)度刺激，有暴力或者恐怖主題的電影可能不適合他們。
13. They cry more easily。
13. 他們更容易哭。
That's why it's important for highly sensitive people to put themselves in situations where they won't be made to feel embarrassed or "wrong" for crying easily, Zeff says. If their friends and family realize that that's just how they are -- that they cry easily -- and support that form of expression, then "crying easily" will not be seen as something shameful。
澤夫說(shuō)，這就是為什么對(duì)于高敏感的人來(lái)講，讓自己置身于哭不會(huì)產(chǎn)生尷尬或者讓人感覺(jué)做錯(cuò)了的情況非常重要。如果他們的朋友和家人意識(shí)到哭是他們本會(huì)有的表現(xiàn)，并且支持這種表達(dá)，那么“很容易哭”就不會(huì)被認(rèn)為是種恥辱。
14. They have above-average manners。
14. 他們?cè)诙Y儀方面比一般人做得更好。
Highly sensitive people are also highly conscientious people, Aron says. Because of this, they're more likely to be considerate and exhibit good manners -- and are also more likely to notice when someone else isn't being conscientious. For instance, highly sensitive people may be more aware of where their cart is at the grocery store -- not because they're afraid someone will steal something out of it, but because they don't want to be rude and have their cart blocking another person's way。
阿隆介紹說(shuō)，高敏感的人們是非常小心謹(jǐn)慎的。因此他們更傾向于為他人著想和表現(xiàn)更好的禮儀——也更容易發(fā)現(xiàn)其他人的不謹(jǐn)慎。比如，高敏感的人在購(gòu)物時(shí)可能更會(huì)注意到他們的購(gòu)物車(chē)在哪兒——不是因?yàn)榕聞e人偷東西，而是因?yàn)樗麄儾幌氩欢Y貌地讓自己的購(gòu)物車(chē)擋了別人的路。
15. The effects of criticism are especially amplified in highly sensitive people。
15. 批評(píng)的影響尤其會(huì)在高敏感的人這里被放大。
Highly sensitive people have reactions to criticism that are more intense than less sensitive people. As a result, they may employ certain tactics to avoid said criticism, including people-pleasing (so that there is no longer anything to criticize)， criticizing themselves first, and avoiding the source of the criticism altogether, according to Aron."People can say something negative, [and] a non-HSP [highly sensitive person] can say, 'Whatever,' and it doesn't affect them," Zeff says. "But a HSP would feel it much more deeply."
高敏感的人相比低敏感的人對(duì)批評(píng)有更強(qiáng)烈的反應(yīng)。因此，他們會(huì)發(fā)展特定的策略去避免批評(píng)，包括迎合他們(這樣就再也沒(méi)什么可批評(píng)的了)，先自我批評(píng)，同時(shí)避免各種批評(píng)一起席卷而來(lái)，阿隆這樣講道。 “人們可以講負(fù)面的東西，一個(gè)低敏感的人可以說(shuō)，‘隨便吧!’而這不會(huì)影響他們，” 澤夫講道。“但是一個(gè)高敏感的人會(huì)有更深度的感覺(jué)。”
16. Cubicles = good. Open-office plans = bad。
16. 小隔間=棒。開(kāi)放辦公室=糟糕。
Just like highly sensitive people tend to prefer solo workouts, they may also prefer solo work environments. Zeff says that many highly sensitive people enjoy working from home or being self-employed because they can control the stimuli in their work environments. For those without the luxury of creating their own flexible work schedules (and environments)， Zeff notes that highly sensitive people might enjoy working in a cubicle -- where they have more privacy and less noise -- than in an open-office plan。
就像高敏感的人傾向于喜歡獨(dú)自運(yùn)動(dòng)，他們也可能更喜歡單獨(dú)的工作環(huán)境。澤夫說(shuō)很多高敏感的人很享受在家工作或者個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)，因?yàn)檫@樣他們可以控制工作環(huán)境中的外界刺激。對(duì)那些沒(méi)有這種奢侈去創(chuàng)造適合自己個(gè)人的靈活的工作時(shí)間(和環(huán)境)的人而言，高敏感的人可能喜歡在小隔間工作，和開(kāi)放辦公室相比，他們會(huì)有更多的私人空間和更少的噪音。
