銆€銆€(浜�)濂ц槆浼埦(D.P.Ausubel)鐨勮獚鐭ュ悓鍖栬珫

銆€銆€濂ц槆浼埦(1914— )鏄編鍦嬬磹绱勫窞澶у(xu茅)鐮旂┒闄㈢殑鏁欒偛蹇冪悊瀛�(xu茅)鏁欐巿锛屽叾鐞嗚珫鏄編鍦嬫渶鏂扮悊璜栦箣涓€銆備富瑕佽憲浣滄湁銆婃剰缇╄█瑾炲(xu茅)缈�(x铆)蹇冪悊瀛�(xu茅)銆�銆併€婃暀鑲插績鐞嗗(xu茅)锛氫竴绋獚鐭ョ殑瑙€榛炪€嬨€併€婂(xu茅)鏍″(xu茅)缈�(x铆)锛氭暀鑲插績鐞嗗(xu茅)灏�(d菐o)璜栥€�銆�

銆€銆€濂ц槆浼埦鑸囧竷榄磵涓€妯�锛屽悓灞獚鐭ョ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)璜栬€�锛岃獚鐐�“瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鏄獚鐭ョ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勯噸绲�”锛屼粬钁楅噸鐮旂┒浜嗚鍫傛暀瀛�(xu茅)鐨勮(gu墨)寰嬨€傚ェ铇囦集鐖炬棦閲嶈鍘熸湁瑾嶇煡绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)(鐭ヨ瓨缍�(j墨ng)椹楃郴绲�(t菕ng))鐨勪綔鐢�锛屽張寮疯(di脿o)闂�(gu膩n)蹇冨(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鏉愭枡鏈韩鐨勫収(n猫i)鍦ㄩ倧杓棞(gu膩n)绯汇€傝獚鐐哄(xu茅)缈�(x铆)璁婂寲鐨勫璩�(zh矛)鍦ㄤ簬鏂拌垔鐭ヨ瓨鍦ㄥ(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鑰呴牠鑵︿腑鐨勭浉浜掍綔鐢�锛岄偅浜涙柊鐨勬湁鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄩ倧杓棞(gu膩n)绯荤殑瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鏉愭枡鑸囧(xu茅)鐢熷師鏈夌殑瑾嶇煡绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐧�(f膩)鐢熼棞(gu膩n)绯�锛岄€茶鍚屽寲鍜屾敼绲�锛屽湪瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鑰呴牠鑵︿腑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸柊鐨勬剰缇�銆�

銆€銆€濂ц槆浼埦鐨勮獚鐭ュ悓鍖栬珫鐨勪富瑕佽榛炴槸锛�

銆€銆€1.鏈夋剰缇╁(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勯亷绋嬫槸鏂扮殑鎰忕京琚悓鍖栫殑閬庣▼

銆€銆€濂ц槆浼埦鐨勫(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐞嗚珫灏囪獚鐭ユ柟闈㈢殑瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鍒嗙偤姗熸鐨勫(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鑸囨湁鎰忕京鐨勫(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鍏╁ぇ椤炪€傛姊板(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勫璩�(zh矛)鏄舰鎴愭枃瀛楃铏熺殑琛ㄩ潰鑱�(li谩n)绯�锛屽(xu茅)鐢熶笉鐞嗚В鏂囧瓧绗﹁櫉鐨勫璩�(zh矛)锛屽叾蹇冪悊閬庣▼鏄伅(li谩n)鎯炽€傞€欑ó瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鍦ㄥ叐绋浠朵笅鐢�(ch菐n)鐢�銆備竴绋浠舵槸瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鏉愭枡鏈韩鐒″収(n猫i)鍦ㄩ倧杓剰缇┿€傚彟涓€绋浠舵槸瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鏉愭枡鏈韩鏈夐倧杓剰缇�锛屼絾瀛�(xu茅)鐢熷師鏈夎獚鐭ョ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓矑鏈夐仼鐣�(d膩ng)鐭ヨ瓨鍩虹(ch菙)鍙互鐢ㄤ締鍚屽寲瀹冨€戙€傛湁鎰忕京瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勫璩�(zh矛)鏄€嬮珨鐛插緱鏈夐倧杓剰缇╃殑鏂囧瓧绗﹁櫉鐨勬剰缇�锛屾槸浠ョ铏熺偤浠ｈ〃鐨勬柊瑙€蹇佃垏瀛�(xu茅)鐢熻獚鐭ョ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓師鏈夌殑瑙€蹇靛缓绔嬪璩�(zh矛)鎬х殑鑰岄潪浜虹偤鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯�銆傛湁鎰忕京瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)閬庣▼灏辨槸鍊嬮珨寰炵劇鎰忕京鍒扮嵅寰楁剰缇╃殑閬庣▼銆傞€欑ó鍊嬮珨鐛插緱鐨勬剰缇╁張鍙績鐞嗘剰缇�锛屼互鍗€(q奴)鍒ヤ簬鏉愭枡鐨勯倧杓剰缇�銆傛墍浠ユ湁鎰忕京瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)閬庣▼涔熷氨鏄€嬮珨鐛插緱灏嶆湁鎰忕京鐨勬潗鏂欑殑蹇冪悊鎰忕京鐨勯亷绋�銆�

銆€銆€鏈夋剰缇╃殑瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鏄互鍚屽寲鏂瑰紡瀵︾従(xi脿n)鐨�銆傛墍璎傚悓鍖栨槸鎸囧(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鑰呴牠鑵︿腑鏌愮ó瑾嶇煡绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽惛鏀舵柊鐨勪俊鎭�;鑰屾柊鐨勮蹇佃鍚告敹鍚�锛屼娇鍘熸湁鐨勮蹇电櫦(f膩)鐢熻畩鍖�銆�

銆€銆€姒傚康琚悓鍖栫殑鐗瑰緛鏄(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鑰呭皣姒傚康鐨勫畾缇╃洿鎺ョ磵鍏ヨ嚜宸辩殑瑾嶇煡绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勯仼鐣�(d膩ng)閮ㄤ綅锛岄€氶亷杈ㄥ垾鏂版蹇佃垏鍘熸湁姒傚康鐨勭暟鍚岃€屾帉鎻℃蹇碉紝鍚屾檪灏囨蹇电祫鎴愭寜灞ゆ鎺掑垪鐨勭恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)绯荤当(t菕ng)銆�

銆€銆€濂ц槆浼埦瑾嶇偤鏈夋剰缇╃殑瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)蹇呴爤鍏锋湁涓嬪垪姊濅欢锛�

銆€銆€鈶犳柊鐨勫(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鏉愭枡鏈韩鍏锋湁閭忚集鎰忕京銆傛暀鏉愪竴鑸鍚堟瑕佹眰銆�

銆€?銆佽动W(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鑰呰獚鐭ョ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓叿鏈夊悓鍖栨柊鏉愭枡鐨勯仼鐣�(d膩ng)鐭ヨ瓨鍩虹(ch菙)(鍥哄畾榛�)锛屼究浜庤垏鏂扮煡璀橀€茶鑱�(li谩n)绯�锛屼篃灏辨槸鍏锋湁蹇呰鐨勮捣榛�銆�

銆€銆€鈶㈠(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鑰呴倓蹇呴爤鍏锋湁閫茶鏈夋剰缇╁(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勫績鍚�锛屽嵆绌嶆サ鍦板皣鏂拌垔鐭ヨ瓨闂�(gu膩n)鑱�(li谩n)璧蜂締鐨勫偩鍚�銆�

銆€?銆佽粣W(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鑰呭繀闋堢⿳妤典富鍕曞湴浣块€欑ó鍏锋湁娼涘湪鎰忕京鐨勬柊鐭ヨ瓨鑸囪獚璀樼祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓殑鑸婄煡璀樼櫦(f膩)鐢熺浉浜掍綔鐢ㄣ€�

銆€銆€2.鍚屽寲鍙互閫氶亷鎺ュ彈瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勬柟寮忛€茶

銆€銆€鎺ュ彈瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鏄寚瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勪富瑕佸収(n猫i)瀹瑰熀鏈笂鏄互瀹氳珫鐨勫舰寮忚瀛�(xu茅)鐢熸帴鍙楃殑銆傚皪瀛�(xu茅)鐢熶締璎�锛屽(xu茅)缈�(x铆)涓嶅寘鎷换浣曠櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屽彧瑕佹眰瀛�(xu茅)鐢熸妸鏁欏(xu茅)鍏�(n猫i)瀹瑰姞浠ュ収(n猫i)鍖�(鍗虫妸瀹冪祼(ji茅)鍚堥€茶嚜宸辩殑瑾嶇煡绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涔嬪収(n猫i))锛屼互渚垮皣渚嗚兘澶�?q奴)鈶垫箵浣籉(xi脿n)鎴栨淳浣滀粬鐢�銆�

銆€銆€鎺ュ彈瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鏄湁鎰忕京鐨勫(xu茅)缈�(x铆)锛屽畠涔熸槸绌嶆サ涓诲嫊鐨�锛岃垏“甯瑳鐢熻伣”鐨勬豢鍫傜亴鏁欏(xu茅)鏈夎唱(zh矛)鐨勪笉鍚�銆傚(xu茅)鐢熷湪鏍″(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勪富瑕佷换鍕�(w霉)鏄帴鍙楃郴绲�(t菕ng)鐭ヨ瓨锛岃鍦ㄧ煭鏅傞枔鍏�(n猫i)鐛插緱澶ч噺鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭煡璀橈紝骞惰兘寰楀埌闉忓浐锛屼富瑕侀潬鎺ュ彈瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)銆傛帴鍙楀(xu茅)缈�(x铆)寮疯(di脿o)寰炰竴鑸埌鍊嬪垾锛岀櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)寮疯(di脿o)寰炲€嬪垾鍒颁竴鑸�銆傛帴鍙楀(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鍜岀櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)锛岄兘鏄⿳妤典富鍕曠殑閬庣▼銆備粬鍊戦兘閲嶈鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄧ殑瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鍕曟鑸囧(xu茅)缈�(x铆)娲诲嫊鏈韩甯朵締鐨勫収(n猫i)鍦ㄥ挤鍖栦綔鐢ㄣ€�

鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍¤伅(li谩n)鎵嬪浣嶈€佸斧闅嗛噸鎺ㄥ嚭鏁欏斧璩囨牸杓斿皫(d菐o)

銆愯│椤屻€�涓(xu茅)姝峰勾鐪熼 涓(xu茅)妯℃摤瑭﹂ 灏忓(xu茅)姝峰勾鐪熼 灏忓(xu茅)妯℃摤瑭﹂
銆愮稉(j墨ng)椹椼€�鏁欏(xu茅)缍�(j墨ng)椹椾氦娴�