2018年成人高考專升本《英語》鞏固練習(14)

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2018年成人高考專升本英語鞏固練習(14)

Ⅰ.Phonetics(5 points)

Directions:In each of the following groups of words，there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A，B，C and D.Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation.Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

1.A.black

B.blade

C.map

D.sad

B

2.A.honest

B.ghost

C.vehicle

D.hotel

D

3.A.knee

B.know

C.kick

D.knife

C

4.A.forgot

B.lost

C.pot

D.host

D

5.A.weapon

B.whole

C.water

D.wonder

B

Ⅱ.Vocabulary and Structure(15 points)

Directions:There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

6.I’m sorry I can’t see you immediately;but if you’d like to take a seat, I’ll be with you .

A.for a moment

B.in a moment

C.for the moment

D.at the moment

B 考查詞組詞義辨析。句意：對不起，我不能馬上見你;但是如果你坐下來等我的話，我過一會兒就可以。for a moment一會兒(表示時間段);in a moment過一會兒;for the moment暫時;at the moment此時，此刻。

7.Well, let’s put our heads together and find a(n) to the problem.

A.measure

B.way

C.solution

D.method

C 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：讓我們齊心協力找出一個解決問題的辦法。四個選項都有“方法”的意思，但只有solution后跟介詞to，與problem搭配，意為“解決問題的方法”。

8. , he is not a very bright pupil.

A.As far as his intelligence is concerned

B.As far his intelligence is concerned

C.So his intelligence is concerned

D.As far as his intelligence are concerned

A 考查固定搭配。句意：就智力而言，他并非是一位非常聰明的學生。as far as…be concerned為固定詞組，意為“就……而言”。又因為intelligence一詞為不可數名詞，故選A。

9.We forgot to bring our tickets,but please let us enter, ?

A.do you

B.will you

C.can we

D.shall we

B 考查反意疑問句。句意：我們忘了帶票了，請讓我們進去，好嗎?let us表示請求，反意疑問句應為will you/won’t you;而let’s表示建議，反意疑問句應為shall we。

10.The university four colleges and five academies.

A.is made of

B.is composed of

C.is consisted of

D.composed of

B 考查詞組詞義辨析。句意：這所大學是由四所學院和五所研究院組成的。be made of 表示“由……制成”，且從成品上能看出原料。表示“由……組成”的詞組有be made up of，be composed of，consist of等。經過排除，正確答案為B。

11. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.

A.What

B.That

C.Which

D.As

A 考查主語從句。句意：父母的言行對他們的孩子有終生的影響。從句中缺少賓語，排除that,因that在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分。which有選擇含義，應排除。what符合題意。

12.We love peace, yet we are not the kind of people to yield any military threat.

A.up

B.to

C.in

D.at

B 考查固定搭配。句意：我們熱愛和平，但我們不是那種屈服于武力威脅的人。yield to為固定詞組，意為“屈服于……,對……妥協”。

13.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios after 11 o’clock at night.

A.were not played

B.not to play

C.not be played

D.did not play

C 考查虛擬語氣。句意：飯店管理部門懇請客人晚上11點以后不要打開收音機。動詞request所接從句要用虛擬語氣，其結構為“should+動詞原形”，should可省略。且此處表示被動，故選C。

14.—My room gets very cold at night.

— .

A.So is mine

B.So does mine

C.So mine is

D.So mine does

B 考查倒裝語序。句意：——我的房間到晚上就變得很冷。——我的也是。由so，neither,nor開頭的句子，表示重復前面句子的部分意思，但前后兩句的主語不同，且句子應用倒裝結構。

15.Young adults older people are more likely to prefer pop songs.

A.other than

B.more than

C.less than

D.rather than

D 考查詞組詞義辨析。句意：喜歡流行歌曲的可能是年輕人而不是老年人。可首先排除B、C兩項，因為主句中已經有比較級標志詞more。other than表示“除了”，young adults和older people不存在包容關系，即整體和局部的關系，所以A 項也錯。rather than 而不是,符合題意。

16.The traditional approach with complex problems is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems.

A.to dealing

B.in dealing

C.dealing

D.to deal

A 考查固定搭配。句意：處理復雜問題的傳統(tǒng)方法是將其分解成更容易處理的小問題。approach to為固定搭配, to在這里是介詞，后面應跟動名詞。

17.Let’s think of a situation this idiom can be used.

A.where

B.which

C.that

D.what

A 考查定語從句。句意：咱們來想一個能夠應用這個成語的語境。where引導定語從句且在從句中作地點狀語，符合題意。

18.There is no specific rule what we should wear to a dinner party.

A.because of

B.as to

C.as of

D.but for

B 考查詞組詞義辨析。句意：至于出席宴會我們應該穿什么樣的服裝并沒有具體的規(guī)定。because of因為;as to關于，至于;as of從……開始;but for若不是。

19.Go back to your room and leave me .

A.alone

B.lonely

C.along

D.almost

A 考查形近詞詞義辨析。句意：回你的房間去，讓我一個人待一會兒。leave sb.alone 表示“別打擾某人，讓某人單獨待著”。lonely孤單的，孤獨的;along沿著;almost幾乎。

20.Make a note of it you should forget it.

A.so

B.to

C.how

D.lest

D 考查詞義辨析。句意：把這件事記一下，免得你忘了。根據句意，應選D。lest免得,后接從句，需用虛擬語氣，且should可省略。

Ⅲ.Cloze(30 points)

Directions:For each blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Drawing a picture is the simplest way of putting an idea down on paper.That is 21 men first began to write six thousand years ago or 22 .The alphabet we now use 23 down to us over a long period of time.It was developed from the picture-writing of ancient Egypt.

Picture-writing was useful in many 24 .It could be used to express ideas as well as 25 .For example, a drawing of a 26 meant the object “man”. 27 a drawing of a man lying on the ground with a spear in him meant “ 28 ”.

Besides the Egyptians,the Chinese 29 the American Indians also developed ways 30 writing in pictures.But only 31 much could be said this way.Thousands of pictures would have been needed 32 express all the ideas that people might have.It would have taken many thousand more to express all the objects 33 to men.No one could 34 so many pictures in a lifetime.Nor could anyone learn the meaning of all 35 drawings in a lifetime.

21.A.when

B.because

C.where

D.how

D 理解推斷題。和前文的way相呼應，表示“那是人們怎樣……”，因此這里引導表語從句的連詞用how。

22.A.over

B.more

C.else

D.later

B 理解推斷題。數詞后面加or more表示“或更多一點”。

23.A.went

B.showed

C.appeared

D.came

D 理解推斷題。come down的意思是“傳下來”。

24.A.sides

B.colours

C.ways

D.meanings

C 詞義辨析題。in many ways的意思是“在許多方面”，符合題意。

25.A.stories

B.animals

C.objects

D.subjects

C 理解推斷題。只有objects可以和ideas相對應，一個是物質的，一個是精神的，這樣就把各種事物都包括了。

26.A.creature

B.being

C.woman

D.man

D 理解推斷題。從后面呼應的meant the object “man”可知，此處應該填man。

27.A.But

B.For

C.Besides

D.Because

A 理解推斷題。本句和上句之間的關系不是因果關系，而是一種轉折關系，故用but。

28.A.die

B.death

C.sleep

D.down

B 理解推斷題。動詞meant的賓語要用名詞，down是副詞,die是動詞，sleep也可作名詞，但不符合句意。只有名詞death符合句意。

29.A.and

B.with

C.helped

D.followed

A 語法結構題。兩個并列主語(the Chinese及the American Indians)之間應用連詞and。

30.A.to

B.about

C.on

D.of

D 語法結構題。在way的后面要用to do sth.或of doing sth.,此處空格后面用的是writing,故用of。

31.A.not

B.very

C.so

D.too

C 理解推斷題。only not much用在一起不符合語言習慣，且邏輯上不通。only very much邏輯上不通，因為very much指“很多”，前面再加上only(僅僅，只有)意思上就講不通。如果說only too much那意味著象形文字能表達的內容太多了，與文意不符，故用so much，意思是指象形文字能夠表達的只有這么多。

32.A.to

B.for

C.possibly

D.actually

A 理解推斷題。express是動語，前面用不定式符號to，表示目的。

33.A.known

B.with

C.called

D.in

A 理解推斷題。后面已有介詞to，故不能再選介詞in或with。不能說be called to sb.，因此也不能選C。known to sb.的意思是“為……所知道”。

34.A.write

B.draw

C.watch

D.take

B 理解推斷題。后面的賓語是pictures,故謂語動詞只能用draw(畫)。

35.A.many

B.some

C.that

D.such

D 理解推斷題。many和some前面不能用all;that是單數，后面不能接復數名詞;只有such前面可以用all，后面可以接復數名詞。

Ⅳ.Reading Comprehension(60 points)

Directions:There are five reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by four questions.For each question there are four suggested answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Passage One

We can make mistakes at any age.Some mistakes we make are about money.But most mistakes are about people.“Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?”“When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad.But when we look back, it’s too late.

Why do we go wrong about our friends or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning.And if we don’t really listen closely we miss the feeling behind the words.Suppose someone tells you, “You’re a lucky dog.” That’s being friendly.But“lucky dog”? There’s a bit of envy in those words.Maybe he doesn’t see it himself.But bringing in the “dog” puts you down a little.What he may be saying is that he doesn’t think you deserve your luck.

“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing and means another.It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole.But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn’t important.It’s telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven’t got a date for Saturday night.

How can you tell the real meaning behind someone’s words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking.Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think.The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.

36.According to the author,the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that .

A.we fail to listen carefully when they talk

B.people tend to be annoyed when we check what they say

C.people usually state one thing but mean another

D.we tend to doubt what our friends say

C 推理判斷題。由第二段第二句及第三段首句可知，有時人們所說的話掩飾了其真實含義，而且言不由衷。故選C。

37.In the sentence “Maybe he doesn’t see it himself” in paragraph 2, the pronoun “it” refers to .

A.being friendly

B.a bit of envy

C.lucky dog

D.your luck

B 詞語理解題。本句中的it指的就是上句提到的a bit of envy。

38.When we listen to a person talking, the most important thing for us to do is to .

A.notice the way the person is talking

B.take a good look at the person talking

C.mind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyes

D.examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture

D 事實細節(jié)題。文章最后一段告訴我們要想弄懂一個人說話的真實含義，就要注意他說話的方式、語調和姿態(tài)。D項概括全面，故選D。

39.The author most probably is a .

A.teacher

B.psychologist

C.philosopher

D.doctor

B 推理判斷題。通過了解文章的意思，我們可以看出作者分析了交際過程的心理因素，并從心理學角度提出建議，以使人們少犯錯誤。由此可知，作者可能是個心理學家。

Passage Two

There is no creature that does not need sleep or complete rest every day.

If you want to know why, just try going without sleep for a long period of time.You will discover that your mind and body would become too tired to work properly.You would become irritable and find it hard to think clearly or concentrate on your work.So sleep is quite simply the time when the cells of your body recover from the work of the day and build up supplies of energy for the next period of activity.

One of the things we all know about sleep is that we are unconscious in sleep.We do not know what is going on around us.But that doesn’t mean the body stops all activity.The important organs continue to work during sleep, but most of the body functions are slowed down.

For example, our breathing becomes slower and deeper.The heart beats more slowly, and the blood pressure is lower.Our arms and legs become limp(柔軟的)and muscles are at rest.It would be impossible for our body to relax to such an extent if we were awake.So sleep does for us what the most quiet rest can not do.

Your body temperature becomes lower when you are asleep, which is the reason people go to sleep under some kind of covers.And even though you are unconscious, many of your reflexes(反射動作)still work.For instance, if someone tickles(使覺得癢)your foot, you will put it away in your sleep, or even brush a fly from your forehead.You do these things without knowing it.

40.If you don’t have as much sleep as your body needs, you will .

A.work properly

B.think clearly

C.keep your attention on your work

D.easily get angry

D 事實細節(jié)題。文章第二段第三句指出，如果睡眠不足，人們會容易發(fā)怒，思路也會變得不清晰，而且很難專注于工作。

41.The cells of your body develop supplies of energy .

A.when you are asleep

B.when you recover from your work of the day

C.in the next period of activity

D.when you are quiet

A 事實細節(jié)題。文章第二段最后一句指出,睡眠時是身體的細胞從整天的忙碌中恢復并為下一個階段的活動增加能量供應的時間。故選A。

42.In the clause“…that we are unconscious in sleep”(Para.3),the word “unconscious” means .

A.untiring

B.unmoved

C.quiet

D.not knowing what is happening around

D 詞語理解題。本句出現于文章的第三段第一句，接下來的一句是對unconscious一詞的進一步解釋，即do not know what is going on around us。

43.When you are sleeping, .

A.all of you reflexes stop working

B.most of your reflexes stop working

C.many of your reflexes still work

D.all of your reflexes still work

C 推理判斷題。文章第三段最后一句的意思是，睡眠中，身體的重要器官繼續(xù)工作，但是身體大部分的功能放慢了,且從最后一段“…many of your reflexes still work”一句我們得出，答案為C。

Passage Three

Space is a dangerous place，not only because of meteors but also because of rays from the sun and other stars.The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth.Light gets through，and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat.Heat，too，makes our environment endurable.Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space，but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off.As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation.But their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft，if they are inside,do prevent a lot of radiation damage.

Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space.The unit of radiation is called “rem”.Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged;the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on.The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage—a person may feel perfectly well，but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged，and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed(畸形的)children or even grandchildren.Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and，during the outward and return journeys，the Apollo crew accumulated a large amount of rems.So far，no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported，but the Apollo missions have been quite short.We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere，working in a space laboratory.Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation，but no really effective ones have been found so far.

44.According to the first paragraph，the atmosphere is essential to man in that .

A.it protects him against the harmful rays from space

B.it provides sufficient light for plant growth

C.it supplies the heat necessary for human survival

D.it screens off the falling meteors

A 推斷判斷題。由第一段可知，流星和來自太陽及其他星體的射線，使得宇宙空間成為危險之地，而大氣層可以充當地球的保護毯。由此可知，大氣層在保護人類不受有害射線的輻射方面至關重要，故選A。

45.We know from the passage that .

A.exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is fatal

B.the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming

C.radiation is avoidable in space exploration

D.astronauts in spacesuits needn’t worry about radiation damage

B 推理判斷題。由第二段第四句可知，輻射對人體的危害一時難以顯現，它可能會在其子女或孫子女的身上體現出來。B項符合題意，故選B。

46.It can be inferred from the passage that .

A.the Apollo mission was very successful

B.protection from space radiation is no easy job

C.astronauts will have deformed children or grandchildren

D.radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorers

B 推理判斷題。由最后一句“Drugs might…but no really effective ones have been found so far.”可知，目前人類還沒有找到有效的方法去避免輻射的危害，所以免受輻射危害并非易事，故選B。

47.The best title for this passage would be .

A.The Atmosphere and Our Environment

B.Research on Radiation

C.Effects of Space Radiation

D.Importance of Protection Against Radiation

C 主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章開頭提到，宇宙空間里存在很多輻射，第二段又緊緊圍繞輻射對人類的影響展開論述。C項符合題意，故選C。

Passage Four

How men first learned to invent words is unknown;in other words, the origin of language is a mystery.All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other;and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds and which could be written down.Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters, we call words.

The power of words, then, lies in their associations—the things they bring up before our minds.Words become filled with meaning for us by experience;and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past;and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.

Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions.This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary(文字的)style.Above all,the real poet is a master of words.He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music,and which by their position and association can move men to tears.We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately,or they will make our speech silly and rude.

48.The origin of language .

A.is a legend handed down from the past

B.is reflected in sounds and letters

C.dates back to the prehistoric period

D.is a problem not yet solved

D 事實細節(jié)題。文章第一段第一句指出,我們還不知道人們第一次是怎樣創(chuàng)造單詞的，換句話說，語言的來源仍是個謎(the origin of language is a mystery),還沒有得到解決。故選D。

49.One of the reasons why men invented certain sounds to express thoughts and actions is that .

A.they could agree upon certain signs

B.they could write them down

C.they could communicate with each other

D.they could combine them

C 事實細節(jié)題。文章第一段第二句指出，人們創(chuàng)造某些聲音來表達自己的思想感情、行動和事物，目的是他們可以互相交流。故選C。

50.What is true about words?

A.They are used to express feelings only.

B.They can not be written down.

C.They are represented either by sounds or letters.

D.They are visual letters.

C 事實細節(jié)題。文章第一段講到，人類起初用某種聲音進行交流，后來又有了字母，字母結合起來可以代表聲音，也可以寫下來。因此這些說出來的聲音也好，用字母寫出來的聲音也好，都被我們稱為words。故選C。

51.The real power of words exists in their .

A.accuracy

B.beauty

C.charm

D.representative function

D 推理判斷題。由文章第二段第一句“The power of words,then,lies in their associations—the things they bring up before our minds.”可知,words的魅力在于它的代表性功能(representative function)。

Passage Five

It seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains.But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain.Its first use was as a shade against the sun!

Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times.Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, as early as the eleventh century B.C.

We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade.And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honour and authority.In the Far East in ancient times the

umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high office.

In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade.And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece.But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans.

During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared.Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century.And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority.By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France, and later on in England.

By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe.Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight.It wasn’t until the twentieth century that women’s umbrellas began to be made, in a whole variety of colours.

52.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the umbrella?

A.No one exactly knows who was the inventor of the umbrella.

B.The umbrella was first invented to be used as protection against the sun.

C.The umbrella changed much in style in the eighteenth century.

D.In Europe the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade.

C 事實細節(jié)題。文章最后一段指出，18世紀時，雨傘除了重量有所減輕之外，形狀的變化并不大。

53.A strange feature of the umbrella’s use is that it was used as .

A.protection against rain

B.a shade against the sun

C.a symbol of honour and power

D.a way of women’s decoration

C 事實細節(jié)題。文章第三段指出，雨傘曾經是榮耀、權威和權勢的象征，這在今天看來是很奇怪的。

54.In Europe, the umbrella was first used against the rain .

A.in China

B.in ancient Egypt

C.in Rome

D.in Greece

C 事實細節(jié)題。文章第四段第三句指出，據說，歐洲首先使用雨傘擋雨的是古羅馬人。

55.This passage talks mainly about .

A.how the umbrella was invented

B.why the umbrella was so popular in Europe

C.the development of the umbrella

D.who needed umbrella first

C 主旨大意題。通讀全文，作者講述了首先使用雨傘的國家和地區(qū)，接著講述了雨傘的用途和形狀隨時代的變化而變化，因此，選項C(雨傘的發(fā)展)應為文章的中心思想。

Ⅴ.Daily Conversation(15 points)

Directions:Pick out appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the following dialogue by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

A.Yes,he does

B.Would 9:30 be convenient

C.Can I help you

D.this is my name card

E.out on business today

F.It won’t be long

G.make an appointment to see him sometime next week

H.How long will it be

A:Good morning! 56 ?

B:Yes,may I see your production manager,Mr.Smith,please?

A:I am sorry.Mr.Smith is 57 .

B:Well,I’d like to 58 .

A:Let me check Mr.Smith’s diary.Just a moment.Yes,Mr.Smith doesn’t seem to be busy on Tuesday morning and Friday afternoon.

B:Could I make an appointment for Tuesday morning?

A: 59 ?

B:Yes,that’ll be fine.

A:I’ll make note of that.May I have your name,please?

B:Yes, 60 .You can contact me any day.

A:OK.

B:Thank you very much!Good-bye!

A:Good-bye!

56.C 57.E 58.G 59.B 60.D

Ⅵ.Writing(25 points)

Directions:For this part, you are supposed to write a letter in English in 100-120 words based on the following information.Remember to write it clearly.

61.你是王剛(Wang Gang)，寫一封給朋友李明(Li Ming)的祝賀信，祝賀他獲得復旦大學計算機科學碩士學位，并祝他今后在學習和研究方面取得成功。

Dear Li Ming,

I am delighted to learn that you have received your Master’s degree in Computer Science from Fudan University.I write to congratulate you on your success.We have good reason to feel proud of you.We know your degree of Master of Computer Science means diligent study and hard work.As your best friend, I have followed your progress with pleasure and interest.I can imagine how satisfied your parents are at this moment.As I understand, you will continue studies in America soon.I wish you great success in your studies and research work.

Yours,

Wang Gang