新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：代替與省略

英語(yǔ)中，為了避免不必要的重復(fù)，經(jīng)常用so, not, to, do, does 代替前面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞或相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

(1) 從上兩例中看出，do / does / did 代替動(dòng)詞。

He translated the article better than I did. (did代替wrote it)

— Do you think she is clever?

— I think so. (so代替 she is clever)(2) "so 與 not" 代替某個(gè)詞、短語(yǔ)、句子等，通常用于hope, think, believe, expect, suppose, be afraid, fear, imagine, etc后作賓語(yǔ)。

— Is it correct?

— I'm afraid not. (not correct)(3) "to" 用作不定式，常跟隨下列動(dòng)詞：want, mean, hope, expect, refuse, seem, intend, be, afraid, etc.

I asked him to go to the party, but he refused to. (go to the party)(4) "do so, do that, do it" 用來(lái)代替動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞，而不能代靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

— He gave up studying English.

— Why did he do so? (= give up studying English)

— The dish tastes nice.

— Yes, so it does. (tastes nice)

(此句不能用it does it 或 it does so, 因taste屬靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞。)(5) 為使語(yǔ)言精煉，避免不必要的重復(fù)，對(duì)話中常用省略形式。

— He is thinking of buying a car?

— Is he? (這里，“thinking of buying a car”被省略了。)

— Will he come back in time?

— Perhaps. (省略了he will come back in time.)