2014年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生A試題及答案：完型填空

　　More about Alzheimer's Disease

　　Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease1 and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.

　　' The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.

　　“ Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago，people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages2，” said Patricia Grady，acting director3 of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland. "This discovery, if confirmed, could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease. ”

　　Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people, affecting between 2. 5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function，and eventually causes death.6 There is currently no known treatment for the disease.

　　Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer' s patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells. The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that7 Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body，and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain, scientists said.

　　The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation8. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells' supply of calcium, another critical element.

　　One test developed by researches calls for9 growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.

　　A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important development, but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.10

　　詞匯：

　　neurological /inju9r9'lDd3ik9l/ adj.神經(jīng)病 學(xué)的

　　dementia /di丨menjis/ n.癡呆 deterioration /d^tiom'reijan/ n.惡化，退化 devastating /'devosteitiB/ adj.破壞‘性極大

　　的，毀滅性的 defect /'diifekt，di'fekt / n.缺損，毛病 physiological / 丨fizio 丨lt)d3ikal/ adj.生理的; 生理學(xué)的 potassium /ps'taesiom/ n.鐘

　　formation /fo: 'meijsn/ n.形成，組成

　　calcium /'kaelsism/ n.考丐

　　microscopic / 丨maikrs丨skDpik / adj.極小的，

　　微小的 一

　　signature /'signitj9(r) / n. i只另!J標(biāo)志;署名，

　　簽名，簽字 validity /vs'lidsti/ n.效力，有效(性)

　　注釋?zhuān)?/P>

　　1. to identify people with Alzheimer's disease ; 老性癡呆

　　識(shí)別患早老性癡呆的人;Alzheimer's disease:早

　　2. in its early stages：在它的早期階段

　　3. acting director：執(zhí)行主任

　　4. the singly greatest cause：唯一的重要原因

　　5. in the United States alone：僅在美國(guó)

　　6. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function, and eventually causes death.這種毀滅性的疾病逐漸破壞記憶和行動(dòng)的能力，最終導(dǎo)致死亡。

　　7. The fact that... suggests that...：事實(shí)表明 ，

　　8. cells responsible for memory formation ：對(duì)記憶的形成至關(guān)重要的細(xì)胞

　　9. call for：要求

　　10. ... but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing. 但提

　　醒人們其他有關(guān)早老性癡呆癥的試驗(yàn)曾經(jīng)也頗有吸引力，結(jié)果卻令人失望。

　　詞匯：

　　impairment /jim'peQmsnt/ n.損傷 community /ko'mjuiniti/ n.社區(qū)，社會(huì) magnifier/’maegnifai3(r) / ti.方夂大鏡 cane /kein/ n.手杖，藤 Braille /breil/ n.盲文

　　譯文：

　　早老性癡呆研究的新進(jìn)展

　　科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，采用皮膚化驗(yàn)的方法可以判斷病人是否患有早老性癡呆癥，并且最終有助于醫(yī) 生預(yù)測(cè)哪些人有患上這種神經(jīng)功能紊亂性疾病的危險(xiǎn)。

　　要診斷一個(gè)病人是否患有這類(lèi)疾病，目前唯一的方法是進(jìn)行一系列長(zhǎng)期而昂貴的測(cè)試，以排除 導(dǎo)致癡呆的其他病因。

　　“自從艾洛伊斯•阿爾茨海默記載了這一病癥以后，近一百年來(lái)人們一直在努力尋找能夠在早 期階段就精確地診斷出這種疾病的方法，”馬里蘭州貝色斯達(dá)神經(jīng)紊亂與中風(fēng)國(guó)家研究院執(zhí)行主任 Patricia Grady如是說(shuō)。“這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)如果得到證實(shí)，將會(huì)意味著我們?cè)谥委熀土私膺@種病癥方面前進(jìn) 了一大步?！?/P>

　　早老性癡呆是導(dǎo)致老年人大腦功能退化的唯一的重要原因。僅在美國(guó)，就有約250萬(wàn)到400萬(wàn) 人患有這種疾病。這種毀滅性的疾病會(huì)逐漸破壞記憶和行動(dòng)的能力，并最終導(dǎo)致死亡。目前仍然沒(méi) 有辦法治愈這種病癥。

　　研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)早老性癡呆癥患者的皮膚細(xì)胞有缺損。這種缺損會(huì)影響人體對(duì)出入于細(xì)胞的鉀的 流量的調(diào)控?？茖W(xué)家認(rèn)為皮膚細(xì)胞有缺損這個(gè)事實(shí)表明，早老性癡呆是由人體全身的生理變化引起 的，并且大腦細(xì)胞受損帶來(lái)的變化所產(chǎn)生的最為明顯的后果就是癡呆。

　　鉀的流量對(duì)于與記憶密切相關(guān)的'細(xì)胞至關(guān)重要?？茖W(xué)家還發(fā)現(xiàn)還有兩種細(xì)胞的缺損會(huì)影響細(xì) 胞中鈣的含量。鈣也是一種關(guān)鍵的元素。

　　研究者進(jìn)行的皮膚測(cè)試中有一種要求在實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境中培養(yǎng)皮膚細(xì)胞，然后使用檢電器進(jìn)行測(cè) 試，檢查輸送鉀的極微小管道是否暢通。如果暢通無(wú)阻，這些管道會(huì)放出一種特殊的電子信號(hào)。

　　早老性癡呆研究協(xié)會(huì)的一名發(fā)言人說(shuō)，這種診斷性測(cè)試如果得到證實(shí)，將是一個(gè)重要的進(jìn)步，但 同時(shí)提醒人們其他有關(guān)早老性癡呆癥的試驗(yàn)曾經(jīng)也頗有吸引力，然而結(jié)果卻令人失望。