銆€銆€The process of logistics integration can be divided into four stages:

銆€銆€Stage1.Began in the early 1960s in the USA and involved the integration of all activities as-sociated with distribution.Separate distribution departments were to coordinate the management of all processes within physical distribution management(PDM).

銆€銆€Stage2.PDM was applied to the inbound movement of materials ,components, and subas-semblies,generally known as "materials management ".By the late 1970s,many firms had es-tablished "logistics departments" with overall responsibility for the movement,storage,andhan-dling of products upstream and downstrem of the orodution operation.

銆€銆€Stage3.Logistics plays an important coordinating role, as it interfaces with most other func-tions.With the emergece of business process re-engineeing(BPR) in the early 1990s, the rela-tionship between logistics and related functions was redefineD. "Systems integration" occurre

銆€銆€D.Cross-functional integration should achieve greater results.Stage4. Establish Supply Chain Management(SCM)to achieve supply chian optimization and minimize inventory.

銆€銆€Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

銆€銆€11銆乄hat is the meaning of integration? (銆€A )

銆€銆€A.To link some separate factors as a whole chain

銆€銆€B.United

銆€銆€C.To put together

銆€銆€D.Mixture

銆€銆€12銆丠ow many stages in the processing of logistics integration?( D銆€)

銆€銆€A.One

銆€銆€B.Two

銆€銆€C.Three

銆€銆€D.Four

銆€銆€13銆乄hat is PDM? (銆€B )

銆€銆€A.Production distribution management

銆€銆€B.Physical distribution management

銆€銆€C.Processing distribution management

銆€銆€D.Pallets distribution management

銆€銆€14銆乄hat is BPR ? ( C銆€)

銆€銆€A.Business Production relation

銆€銆€B.Business promotion relation

銆€銆€C.Business process re-engineering

銆€銆€D.Business placement ratio

銆€銆€15銆乄hat is SCM ? ( D銆€)

銆€銆€A.Supply Customer Management

銆€銆€B.Support Customer Management

銆€銆€C.Supply Chain Materials

銆€銆€D.Supply Chain Management

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