2011年自考英語(yǔ)寫作知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總
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一、圖形種類及概述法 $lesson$
泛指一份數(shù)據(jù)圖表：a data graph or chart or diagram or illustration or table
餅圖：pie chart
直方圖或柱形圖：bar chart or histogram
趨勢(shì)曲線圖：line chart or curve diagram轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
表格圖：table
流程圖或過程圖：flow chart or sequence diagram
程序圖：processing or procedures diagram
以下是一些較常用的描述用法
The table or chart diagram or graph shows (that)
According to the table or chart diagram or graph
As (is)shown in the table or chart diagram or graph
As can be seen from the table or chart or diagram or graph or figures，
figures or statistics shows (that)……
It can be seen from the figures or statistics
We can see from the figures or statistics
It is clear from the figures or statistics
It is apparent from the figures or statistics
table or chart or diagram or graph figures (that)……
table or chart or diagram or graph shows or describes or illustrates how
二、data的具體表達(dá)法
data在某一個(gè)時(shí)間段固定不變：fixed in time
在一系列的時(shí)間段中轉(zhuǎn)變：changes over time
持續(xù)變化的data在不同情況下：
增加：increase or raise or rise or go up
減少：decrease or grow down or drop or fall ……
波動(dòng)：fluctuate or rebound or undulate or wave ……
穩(wěn)定：remain stable or stabilize or level off ……
最常用的兩種表達(dá)法：
動(dòng)詞 + 副詞形式(Verb+Adverb form)
形容詞 + 名詞形式(Adjective+Noun form)轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
1. Verb+Adverb form
The number of XXX
+increase or jump or rise or decrease or drop or fall or fluctuate……
+insignificantly or significantly or slightly or suddenly or rapidly or dramatically or sharply or steeply or steadily or gradually or slowly……
+from (第一時(shí)間)to (第二時(shí)間)or between (第一時(shí)間)and (第二時(shí)間)
2. Adjective+Noun form
There was a (very)sudden or rapid or dramatic or significant or sharp or steep or steady or gradual or slow or slight
+increase or jump or rise or decrease or drop or fall or fluctuation (注意：上述很多詞不可用于修飾fluctuation)
+in the number of XXX from (第一時(shí)間)to (第二時(shí)間)or between (第一時(shí)間)and (第二時(shí)間)
描述穩(wěn)定的data：
The number of XXX remained steady or stable from (第一時(shí)間)to (第二時(shí)間)or between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間)
The number of XXX stayed the same from (第一時(shí)間)to (第二時(shí)間)or between (第一時(shí)間)and (第二時(shí)間)
There was little change or hardly any change or no change in the number of XXX from from (第一時(shí)間)to (第二時(shí)間)or between (第一時(shí)間)and (第二時(shí)間)
描述不同狀態(tài)的data
Noun form：
steady drop or sharp rise peak or dramatic fall or sharp drop
Verbal form：
(to) bottom out or (to) reach the bottom or (to) increase gradually or (to) reach a plateau or (to) remain steady
描述the highest point以及the lowe
st point
高點(diǎn)極值：
The monthly profit or The figures or The situation ……
+peaked in (月份 or 年)<準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at XXX> at XXX% or XXX(極點(diǎn)data)
或者reached a peak or a high point at XXX% or XXX(極點(diǎn)data)
低點(diǎn)極值：
XXX bottomed out or reached
+rock or the bottom or a low point
或者h(yuǎn)it a trough
此外，在描述過程中還有很多的conjunctional words or sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下：
并列：as well as(句首 or 中)，also，as well(句尾)，either，neither，too，moreover， furthermore，in addition，additionally，besides，what''''s more，apart from ……
舉例：for example，for instance，to illustrate，as an illustration，in particular，particularly，especially
事實(shí)：as a matter of fact，in fact，actually，as long as，so long as ……
雷同 or 近似：similarly，likewise(句首 or 尾)，at the same time，equally ……
轉(zhuǎn)折：however，whereas，nevertheless，nonetheless，though，although，even though，while，yet，on the contrary，contrarily，in contrast，conversely，on the other hand，unlikely，in stead (of)，in spite of， despite of ……
原因與結(jié)果
1. cause-suggestion (幾乎不常用)
since or now that ……; I hope that……
because of or on account of or owing to or thanks to + (doing)sth，I hope that……
2. cause-effect (較常用)
XXX lead to or bring about or result in or account for ……
(一個(gè)句子)， therefore or thus or hence or as a result or consequently or (and)so ……
3. effect-cause (較常用)
XXX be caused by or result from or be the result of or be the effect of or be the consequence of ……
(一個(gè)句子)，because ……
it is adj. that ……
it is unimaginable that ……
it is undeniable that ……
it is interesting to discover that ……
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