2018年自學(xué)考試《英語(yǔ)(一)》復(fù)習(xí)筆記(3)
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2018年自學(xué)考試《英語(yǔ)(一)》復(fù)習(xí)筆記(3)
Text A The Atlantic Ocean
搭配：
1. separate A from B 把某人;或某物分開(kāi)/動(dòng)詞詞組
2. keep sb. from doing sth. 使某人無(wú)法做某事;無(wú)法做某事/動(dòng)詞詞組
3. on the average 平均;below/above the average 在什么的水平以下;上/介詞詞組
4. furnish sth for sb. 給某人提供某物/動(dòng)詞詞組
5. pile up 折起，累計(jì)，若干車輛碰在一起/動(dòng)詞詞組
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：
1. 本課帶賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：make
e.g. make early sailors unwilling to do sth.(賓補(bǔ))
Two things make the Atlantic Ocean rather unusual.
2. 形容詞的特殊用法：
It is more than 4000 miles wide.(形容詞后置)
On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep.
3. 形容詞前有as，so，no，too，how等詞時(shí)，不定冠詞應(yīng)置于形容詞之后，如：
e.g. We couldn't do it in so short a time.
She is too kind a girl to refuse.
Aids is so terrible a disease.
He is too old a man to do that kind of job.
4. suppose +句子=表示一種假設(shè)
5. it takes/took +(某人)+多少時(shí)間+to do sth. 花了某人多少時(shí)間做某事。
It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up.
6. much可以用來(lái)修飾形容詞的比較級(jí)。E.g. much better;much deeper.
7. raise為及物動(dòng)詞，后可以加賓語(yǔ)，e.g. raise the pay.(增加工資);rise為不及物動(dòng)詞(其后不能加賓語(yǔ))，e.g. the sun rises in the east. 注：賓語(yǔ)為名詞，代詞，動(dòng)詞的-ing.
8. 在一般名詞所構(gòu)成的專有名此前需要加定冠詞。
E.g. the Azores 亞蘇爾群島; the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋
9. for用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)句子的時(shí)候?yàn)椴⒘羞B詞，表原因。
E.g. Here the water is quiet，for there is little wind.
10. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here.主謂一致
11. so … that/ such …that 句型：太…+句子
e.g. We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller. 我們現(xiàn)在有太多快速的旅行方式，因此大西洋看起來(lái)好像小了很多。
So主要用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞;such 則最終需要修飾名詞。
12. across為介詞或副詞，使用它時(shí)，句子中應(yīng)該已有動(dòng)詞。
E.g Icebergs float down from the Far North across the paths of ships.
Cross為動(dòng)詞，作謂語(yǔ)或跟在動(dòng)詞不定式to 后面。E.g. Columbus sailed for more than two months to cross it.
Text B The Moon
搭配：
1. be kept tied to sth./sb. 離不開(kāi)某人/緊緊的依附于某物
2. face towards sth./sb. 面向;face away from sth./sb. 背向
3. keep sth./sb. in mind 牢記于心
4. be lighted up by sth. 被什么照亮
5. speak of 提及;說(shuō)到
6. reflect sth. on to sth. 把什么反射到什么上去
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：
1. 半系動(dòng)詞(半系動(dòng)詞后加形容詞)：remain/stand/look/appear
2. 世界獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前應(yīng)該加定冠詞。如：the earth， the world， the moon
3. except，except for，besides怎么區(qū)別?
besides
“除…外，還有…”，指更進(jìn)一步的擁有，包括所“除”事物在內(nèi)。?
Have you got any clothes besides these? 除了這些衣服你還有別的嗎??
except
不包括所引事物。常與no， none， nothing等否定詞或all， everyone， everything等連用，但不可用于句首。
They all went to the Summer Palace except one. 除一人之外他們都去了頤和園。
except for
常指除去所引情況讓人稍感遺憾之外，整體情況尚屬理想，被除去的事物與正在談及的事物之間不具有共同屬性或性質(zhì)。
The roads were clear except for a few cars. 除幾輛小汽車外，路面很空曠。
4. enough作為副詞時(shí)修飾形容詞放在形容詞后，adj.+enough for sb. to do sth. e.g. it is light enough for us to be able to see its outline.
5. 初次接觸到帶介詞定語(yǔ)從句，如：
The light by which we see the old moon does not come from the sun， but from the earth.
“The old moon in the new moon‘s arms” is nothing but that part of the moon’s surface on which it is night.
There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful.
Which代指前面被修飾的名詞，翻譯時(shí)，就把which前的介詞放在被修飾的名詞前即可。
如：The light by which=by light 通過(guò)月光
surface on which=on surface 在月亮上的表面
several ways in which=in several ways 在很多方面
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